Rig Veda Sukta 23
Mandala 4Sukta 2311 Mantras

Sukta 23

Sukta 4.23

Rishi

Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional attribution for RV 4.23)

Chandas

Triṣṭubh

Dieser Triṣṭubh-Hymnus ergründet das Geheimnis von Indras stets erneuerter Größe: wie er durch Soma wächst, für wen er das Opfer annimmt und in welchen Weisen er unter den Sängern erscheint. In Fragen, Lobpreis und Bildern anschwellender Macht und strahlender Entfesselung fortschreitend, mündet er in ein kunstvoll gefügtes „neues Brahman“ (frisches Lied), das Indra bittet, dem Dichter Inspiration und Sieg zu mehren.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.23

In this hymn

Addressed to

  • IndraMantras 1-4, 7, 11implied by Soma-drinking and growth, hymn continues questioning his modes

    Indra is hailed as the Soma-drinker who waxes in might, accepts the yajña, and brings shining wealth and victorious impetus to his praisers; he is repeatedly approached through question-and-praise to reveal how his power is released.

  • RitaMantras 8-10Ṛta (Truth-Order) as the governing power

Mantras

Mantra 1

कथा महामवृधत्कस्य होतुर्यज्ञं जुषाणो अभि सोममूधः । पिबन्नुशानो जुषमाणो अन्धो ववक्ष ऋष्वः शुचते धनाय ॥

Wie wuchs er zur Größe heran, und für welchen Hotar, das Opfer annehmend, wandte er sich dem Soma zu wie einem Euter? Trinkend, begehrend, den ausgepressten Saft genießend, ist der Erhabene gewachsen zu leuchtendem Reichtum.

Mantra 2

को अस्य वीरः सधमादमाप समानंश सुमतिभिः को अस्य । कदस्य चित्रं चिकिते कदूती वृधे भुवच्छशमानस्य यज्योः ॥

Wer ist sein Held, der die gemeinsame Festfreude erreichte, wer sie mit guten Einsichten teilte—wer ist der Seine? Was an seinem Wunder erkennt man, was ist seine Hilfe, damit er wachse für den starken Streiter, den Opferwürdigen?

Mantra 3

कथा शृणोति हूयमानमिन्द्रः कथा शृण्वन्नवसामस्य वेद । का अस्य पूर्वीरुपमातयो ह कथैनमाहुः पपुरिं जरित्रे ॥

Wie hört Indra, wenn er angerufen wird, wie, hörend, kennt er die Taten der Hilfe? Welche sind seine uralten Maße und Vorbilder—wie sprechen sie von ihm als dem Trinker, für den Lobredner?

Mantra 4

कथा सबाधः शशमानो अस्य नशदभि द्रविणं दीध्यानः । देवो भुवन्नवेदा म ऋतानां नमो जगृभ्वाँ अभि यज्जुजोषत् ॥

Wie mag der Strebende, alle Bedrängnis durchbrechend, durch lichtes Denken zu seinem Reichtum gelangen? Göttlich werdend, möge er die Wahrheiten (ṛtā́ni) erkennen; das Ehrfurchtsopfer (namas) ergreifend, möge er in dem, was er darbringt, angenommen werden.

Mantra 5

कथा कदस्या उषसो व्युष्टौ देवो मर्तस्य सख्यं जुजोष । कथा कदस्य सख्यं सखिभ्यो ये अस्मिन्कामं सुयुजं ततस्रे ॥

Wie und durch welche geheime Wendung, beim Aufleuchten dieser Uṣas, nimmt der Gott die Freundschaft des Sterblichen an? Wie und wodurch macht er diese Freundschaft wirklich unter den Freunden, die hier das Begehren ausgespannt haben, recht angeschirrt (dem göttlichen Ziel)?

Mantra 6

किमादमत्रं सख्यं सखिभ्यः कदा नु ते भ्रात्रं प्र ब्रवाम । श्रिये सुदृशो वपुरस्य सर्गाः स्वर्ण चित्रतममिष आ गोः ॥

Was ist dieses maßlose Band der Freundschaft für die Freunde — und wann, wahrlich, werden wir deine Brüderschaft verkünden? Um der Herrlichkeit willen lösen sich die Ausströmungen seiner schönschauenden Gestalt; wie Himmelsgold, höchstwunderbar, kommt es heran — als Antrieb der Kuh, des strahlenden Lichts.

Mantra 7

द्रुहं जिघांसन्ध्वरसमनिन्द्रां तेतिक्ते तिग्मा तुजसे अनीका । ऋणा चिद्यत्र ऋणया न उग्रो दूरे अज्ञाता उषसो बबाधे ॥

Er schärft die schneidenden Spitzen, um Trug und den wilden Ansturm zu treffen, der ohne Indra ist. Selbst dort, wo feindliche Schulden‑Lasten uns bedrängen, treibt die grimme Macht die unbekannten Uṣas, die hemmen wollen, weit hinweg — so bricht die wahre Morgenröte durch.

Mantra 8

ऋतस्य हि शुरुधः सन्ति पूर्वीॠतस्य धीतिर्वृजिनानि हन्ति । ऋतस्य श्लोको बधिरा ततर्द कर्णा बुधानः शुचमान आयोः ॥

Denn dem ṛta gehören die uralten festen Burgen; der Gedanke des ṛta erschlägt die Krümmungen. Der Spruch des ṛta durchbohrt die Taubheit; die Ohren erweckend, läutert er in der erzfesten Ausdauer der Lebenskraft.

Mantra 9

ऋतस्य दृळ्हा धरुणानि सन्ति पुरूणि चन्द्रा वपुषे वपूंषि । ऋतेन दीर्घमिषणन्त पृक्ष ऋतेन गाव ऋतमा विवेशुः ॥

Fest sind die Träger des ṛta; zahlreich und strahlend sind die Gestalten zu seiner Erscheinung. Durch ṛta strecken die Starken den weiten, langen Schwung des Antriebs; durch ṛta gehen die Kühe (Strahlen der Erkenntnis) in das ṛta selbst ein.

Mantra 10

ऋतं येमान ऋतमिद्वनोत्यृतस्य शुष्मस्तुरया उ गव्युः । ऋताय पृथ्वी बहुले गभीरे ऋताय धेनू परमे दुहाते ॥

Wer an der Ṛta festhält, gewinnt die Ṛta; die Kraft der Ṛta drängt voran, auf der Suche nach den lichtvollen Herden. Für die Ṛta wird die weite Erde reich und tief; für die Ṛta melken die zwei Milch-Kühe im höchsten Bereich ihre Milch – Ströme der Fülle.

Mantra 11

नू ष्टुत इन्द्र नू गृणान इषं जरित्रे नद्यो न पीपेः । अकारि ते हरिवो ब्रह्म नव्यं धिया स्याम रथ्यः सदासाः ॥

Nun gepriesen, o Indra, nun besungen, lass für den Sänger den Antrieb (iṣ) anschwellen, wie Ströme ihre Flut anschwellen lassen. Für dich, o Herr der fahlen Rosse, ist ein neues Brahman, ein neues Machtwort, bereitet; durch sehende Erkenntnis mögen wir stets bereit sein zur Fahrt und zum Wagenpfad der Schlacht.

Inside Sukta 23

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    The hymn opens with wonder and inquiry: how Indra became great, for which invoker he accepts the sacrifice, and how he turns to Soma like an udder (RV 4.23.1).

  2. Development

    Questions broaden into reflections on Indra’s bonds—friendship, brotherhood, and the outpouring of radiant form—linking divine power with luminous release and human aspiration.

  3. Climax

    The poet pivots from inquiry to effective invocation: Indra is praised and asked to ‘swell’ the singer’s iṣ like rivers in flood, marking the hymn’s decisive request for empowered inspiration (RV 4.23.11).

  4. Where it settles

    It closes by presenting a newly forged brahman (mantric formulation) and a wish for steady readiness—vision-led competence for journey and contest—under Indra’s protection and drive.

The deity: Indra

  • Cosmic functionChampion of cosmic order by overcoming obstruction, releasing the flow (waters/impulses), and empowering the world of light and the community through strength, rain, and victory.
  • Inner significanceThe awakened will and courageous intelligence that, nourished by inner ‘Soma’ (delight/clarity), breaks inertia, releases creative energy, and turns inspiration into effective action.

The seer

  • Vāmadeva GautamaGautama gotra (Vāmadeva of the Gautamas) · A major seer of Maṇḍala 4, renowned for powerful Indra-hymns and for the introspective, questioning style that turns praise into inquiry about divine action and human inspiration.

Famous verses

abhi somam ūdhaḥ (toward Soma as toward an udder)
Verse 4.23.1Sets the hymn’s signature tone: a questioning devotion that asks how Indra’s greatness is nourished by Soma and aligned with the hotṛ and yajña, framing Indra as the power that ‘increases’ for shining wealth.Read verse 4.23.1 →
किमादमत्रं सख्यं सखिभ्यः कदा नु ते भ्रात्रं प्र ब्रवाम । श्रिये सुदृशो वपुरस्य सर्गाः स्वर्ण चित्रतममिष आ गोः ॥
Verse 4.23.6Highlights the relational and luminous dimension—measureless comradeship and ‘brotherhood’—and evokes the radiant ‘outpourings’ of divine form connected with the Cow/light symbolism that often marks revelation and abundance.Read verse 4.23.6 →
brahma navyam (a new word of power)
Verse 4.23.11The culminating prayer: having praised Indra, the poet asks for iṣ (impulsion) to swell like rivers and offers a ‘new brahman,’ crystallizing the hymn’s ritual purpose—empowered inspiration and victorious readiness.Read verse 4.23.11 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Soma-drinker who ‘grows’ in power
  • Bestower of iṣ (impulsion/inspiration) and dhana (wealth)
  • Warrior-force that overcomes obstruction
  • Friend and ally of the singer (sakhya/brotherhood motif)
  • Radiant, swift, associated with tawny steeds (harivaḥ)

Also by this seer

  • Primary attribution for much of Rig Veda Maṇḍala 4 (Vāmadeva’s family book)
  • Several Indra-centered sūktas in RV 4 associated with the Gautamas
  • Tradition remembers him as a paradigmatic ṛṣi whose hymns emphasize dhī (visionary thought) and brahman (mantric formulation) as means to draw divine force

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the altar and kindle Agni; establish ṛta through opening recitations.
  • Press Soma (or prepare its substitute where applicable) and purify it; invite Indra to the offering.
  • Recite the hymn as stuti/śastra: first questioning Indra’s growth and choice of the hotṛ, then turning to direct praise and request.
  • Offer Soma with accompanying ghee oblations; reinforce the bond of friendship (sakhya) through repeated invocations.
  • Conclude with the ‘new brahman’—a freshly fashioned mantra—requesting iṣ (impulsion) and readiness for the ‘battle-path’ (rathya).

Offerings

  • Soma (primary)
  • Ghee/ājya oblations
  • Optional: milk/curds as supportive offerings in Indra rites
  • Dakṣiṇā (fee/gift) to priests in full ritual contexts

Frequently Asked Questions

It asks how Indra becomes great through Soma and sacrifice, then turns that inquiry into praise and a request that Indra increase the poet’s inspiration, prosperity, and power to overcome obstacles.

In Vedic style, questioning is a way of drawing the deity nearer—probing Indra’s ‘modes’ of action so the singer can align the ritual, the hymn (brahman), and the inner intention (dhī) with Indra’s power.

It means a freshly fashioned sacred formulation—a new hymn or mantra—offered to Indra so that the singer receives renewed iṣ (driving inspiration) and readiness for the challenges of life and ritual contest.

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