Rig Veda 4.23.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 23, Mantra 2

Sukta 4.23

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra (implied continuation of the inquiry)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

को अस्य वीरः सधमादमाप समानंश सुमतिभिः को अस्य । कदस्य चित्रं चिकिते कदूती वृधे भुवच्छशमानस्य यज्योः ॥

Transliteration

kó asya vīráḥ sadha-mā́dam ā́pa sám ānaṃśa sumatí-bhiḥ kó asya | kád asya citráṃ cikite kád ūtī́ vṛdhé bhúvac chaśamā́nasyá yájyōḥ ||

Translation

Wer ist sein Held, der die gemeinsame Festfreude erreichte, wer sie mit guten Einsichten teilte—wer ist der Seine? Was an seinem Wunder erkennt man, was ist seine Hilfe, damit er wachse für den starken Streiter, den Opferwürdigen?

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Word by Word

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (किम्-प्रातिपदिक) सर्वनाम

• अस्य: of him/this (one)
• अस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वीरः: hero, man
• वीरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)

• सधमादम्: common feast/banquet (soma-feast)
• सधमादम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधमाद (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सह-’ + ‘माद’/‘मद्’ भावः)

• आप: reached, attained
• आप: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: आप् (धातु) ‘to attain, reach’

• समानम्: same, common
• समानम्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समान (प्रातिपदिक)

• शः: indeed, just
• शः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: श (एन्क्लिटिक अव्यय; RV-प्रयोगः, ‘indeed/just/also’)

• सुमतिभिः: with good thoughts/favours
• सुमतिभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमति (प्रातिपदिक)

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (किम्-प्रातिपदिक) सर्वनाम

• अस्य: of him/this (one)
• अस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• कद्: when?
• कद्: Adhikaraṇa (temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable (interrogative) / Pronoun-stem used adverbially
• Root: कद् (किम्-प्रातिपदिक; अव्ययीभाव/निपात-प्रयोगः ‘when?’)

• अस्य: of him/this (one)
• अस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• चित्रम्: wonder, marvel; bright deed
• चित्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: चित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• चिकिते: has perceived/understood
• चिकिते: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: चित्/चिकित् (धातु; ‘to perceive, notice, understand’)

• कद्: when?
• कद्: Adhikaraṇa (temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable (interrogative) / Pronoun-stem used adverbially
• Root: कद् (किम्-प्रातिपदिक; ‘when?’)

• ऊती: help, aid
• ऊती: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊति (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृधे: for the growing/strong (one)
• वृधे: Sampradāna (for/to)
• Type: Noun (dative of purpose) / Adjective used substantively
• Root: वृध् (धातु) ‘to grow, increase’ → वृध (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक ‘growing/strong’)

• भुवत्: may it become / let it be
• भुवत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु) ‘to be, become’

• शशमानस्य: of the praising (worshipper)
• शशमानस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: शंस् (धातु) ‘to praise, recite’ → शशमान (कृदन्त; शंस्-शानच्/शतृ-प्रकारः, ‘praising’)

• यज्योः: of the two worship-worthy (ones)
• यज्योः: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective (dual)
• Root: यज्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘worthy of worship/sacrifice’)