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Prashna Upanishad: Verse 1.9

संवत्सरो वै प्रजापतिस्तस्यायने दक्षिणं चोत्तरं च । तद्ये ह वै तदिष्टापूर्ते कृतमित्युपासते ते चान्द्रमसमेव लोकमभिजयन्ते । त एव पुनरावर्तन्ते तस्मादेत ऋषयः प्रजाकामा दक्षिणं प्रतिपद्यन्ते । एष ह वै रयिर्यः पितृयाणः ॥९॥

संवत्सरः । वै । प्रजापतिः । तस्य । अयने । दक्षिणम् । च । उत्तरम् । च । तत् । ये । ह । वै । तत् । इष्टापूर्ते । कृतम् । इति । उपासते । ते । चान्द्रमसम् । एव । लोकम् । अभिजयन्ते । ते । एव । पुनः । आवर्तन्ते । तस्मात् । एते । ऋषयः । प्रजाकामाः । दक्षिणम् । प्रतिपद्यन्ते । एषः । ह । वै । रयिः । यः । पितृयाणः ॥

Recitation with translationPrashna Upanishad 1.9

saṃvatsaro vai prajāpatis tasyāyane dakṣiṇaṃ cottaraṃ ca | tad ye ha vai tad iṣṭāpūrte kṛtam ity upāsate te cāndramasam eva lokam abhijayante | ta eva punar āvartante tasmād eta ṛṣayaḥ prajākāmā dakṣiṇaṃ pratipadyante | eṣa ha vai rayir yaḥ pitṛyāṇaḥ ||9||

إنَّ السَّنةَ هي حقًّا براجابتي؛ ولها مساران: الجنوبيّ والشماليّ. والذين يعبدون ذلك (براجابتي/السنة) على أنه «الثواب المتولِّد من الإشْتَا والبُورْتَا» لا يظفرون إلا بالعالَم القمريّ، ثم يعودون من جديد. لذلك فإن هؤلاء الرِّشيّين، رغبةً في الذرية، يسلكون المسار الجنوبي. فهذا هو «رَيِي» حقًّا: طريقُ الآباء.

The year indeed is Prajāpati; of it the two courses are the southern and the northern. Those who worship that (Prajāpati/year) as ‘the merit produced by iṣṭa and pūrta’—they conquer only the lunar world; and they return again. Therefore these seers, desiring progeny, take to the southern (course). This indeed is Rayi, namely the path of the Fathers.

saṃvatsaraḥthe year
saṃvatsaraḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃvatsara (पुं)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन
vaiindeed
vai:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (emphatic)
prajāpatiḥPrajāpati
prajāpatiḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootprajāpati (पुं)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन
tasyaof him/of it
tasya:
TypePronoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम)
Formपुं/नपुंसक; षष्ठी-एकवचन
ayanethe two courses (paths)
ayane:
TypeNoun
Rootayana (नपुं)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-द्विवचन (two courses)
dakṣiṇamthe southern (path)
dakṣiṇam:
TypeNoun
Rootdakṣiṇa (नपुं/विशेषण)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचन
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
uttaramthe northern (path)
uttaram:
TypeNoun
Rootuttara (नपुं/विशेषण)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचन
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
tatthat
tat:
TypePronoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन
yethose who
ye:
TypePronoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन
haindeed
ha:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (Vedic particle)
vaiindeed
vai:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
tatthat
tat:
TypePronoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन
iṣṭāpūrtein iṣṭa and pūrta (rites and charities)
iṣṭāpūrte:
TypeNoun
Rootiṣṭa-pūrta (नपुं)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-द्विवचन (locative dual)
kṛtamdone/performed
kṛtam:
TypeAdjective
Rootkṛta (कृदन्त; √kṛ)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचन (past passive participle)
itias/thus
iti:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (quotative)
upāsateworship/meditate upon
upāsate:
TypeVerb
Rootupa-√ās (धातु)
Formलट्; आत्मनेपद; प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन
tethey
te:
TypePronoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन
cāndramasamthe lunar
cāndramasam:
TypeAdjective
Rootcāndramasa (विशेषण/नपुं)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन
evaonly/indeed
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
lokamworld/realm
lokam:
TypeNoun
Rootloka (पुं)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन
abhijayanteconquer/attain
abhijayante:
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-√ji (धातु)
Formलट्; आत्मनेपद; प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन
tethey
te:
TypePronoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन
evaindeed
eva:
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
punaragain
punar:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunar (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
āvartantereturn
āvartante:
TypeVerb
Rootā-√vṛt (धातु)
Formलट्; आत्मनेपद; प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन
tasmāttherefore/from that
tasmāt:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (सर्वनाम)
Formतस्मात् (ablative used adverbially)
etethese
ete:
TypePronoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन
ṛṣayaḥseers
ṛṣayaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi (पुं)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन
prajākāmāḥdesiring offspring
prajākāmāḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootprajā-kāma (विशेषण)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन
dakṣiṇamthe southern (path)
dakṣiṇam:
TypeNoun
Rootdakṣiṇa (नपुं/विशेषण)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन
pratipadyantetake to/enter
pratipadyante:
TypeVerb
Rootprati-√pad (धातु)
Formलट्; आत्मनेपद; प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन
eṣaḥthis
eṣaḥ:
TypePronoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन
haindeed
ha:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
vaiindeed
vai:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
rayiḥrayi (matter/food/wealth)
rayiḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootrayi (पुं)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन
yaḥwhich/who
yaḥ:
TypePronoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन
pitṛyāṇaḥthe path of the ancestors
pitṛyāṇaḥ:
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ-yāṇa (नपुं/पुं)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन
  • saṃvatsaraḥ+vai→saṃvatsaro vai
  • tasyāyane→tasya+ayane
  • dakṣiṇam+ca+uttaram→dakṣiṇaṃ cottaraṃ
  • tad+ye→tad ye
  • iṣṭāpūrte→iṣṭa+pūrte (dvandva)
  • kṛtam+iti→kṛtam ity
  • te+cāndramasam→te cāndramasam
  • lokam+abhijayante→lokam abhijayante
  • punar+āvartante→punar āvartante
  • tasmāt+ete→tasmād ete
  • eṣaḥ+ha→eṣa ha
  • rayiḥ+yaḥ→rayir yaḥ
Karma/upāsanā and saṃsāra; pitṛyāṇa vs devayāṇa; rayi (matter/food/wealth) as the lunar-ancestral trajectoryMahavakya: No direct mahāvākya; contrasts karma-based attainments (finite, return) with the higher pursuit that later culminates in liberating knowledge aligned with mahāvākya realization.AtharvaAtharvaveda (Paippalāda-śākhā) ShakhaChandas: Prose

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