Rig Veda 8.61.4: Mandala 8, Sukta 61, Mantra 4

Sukta 8.61

Devata: Indra

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अप्रामिसत्य मघवन्तथेदसदिन्द्र क्रत्वा यथा वशः । सनेम वाजं तव शिप्रिन्नवसा मक्षू चिद्यन्तो अद्रिवः ॥

Transliteration

aprā́mi-satya maghaván táthéd asad índra krátvā yáthā váśaḥ | sanéma vā́jaṃ táva śiprin ávasā makṣū́ cid yánto adri-vaḥ ||

Translation

يا مَغَهَفان، يا من لا يَخيب صدقه، فليكن الأمر كذلك، يا إندرا، بإرادتك وقوّتك (كْرَتُو)، كما تشاء. لعلّنا بعونك ننال وفرة القوّة (فاجا vāja)، يا شديدَ الفكّين؛ بل سريعًا ونحن نتقدّم، يا أَدْرِيفَه (حامل الحجر).

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Word by Word

• अप्रामि: I have not failed / I did not fall short
• अप्रामि: Kartā (implicit ‘I’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रा-√अम् (अम् ‘to injure/overpower’; with preverb प्रा) अथवा √अम्/√अन् (वेदिक प्रयोग)

• असत्य: O not-false one / O unfailing one
• असत्य: Sambodhana
• Type: Adjective (vocative use)
• Root: अ-सत्य (सत्य ‘true’ + नञ्) प्रातिपदिक

• मघवन्: O bountiful one
• मघवन्: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: मघवन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bountiful, giver’)

• तथा: thus, in that way
• तथा: Adverbial (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)

• इद्: indeed, just
• इद्: Emphasis
• Type: Indeclinable (particle)
• Root: इद् (निपात)

• असत्: he is/was (so)
• असत्: Kriyā (finite verb of clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भू) → असत् (वेदिक: injunctive/imperf. sense ‘be/was’)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• क्रत्वा: by (your) resolve/power
• क्रत्वा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रतु (प्रातिपदिक ‘power, resolve, intelligence’)

• यथा: as, just as
• यथा: Comparative/relative adverb
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)

• वशः: (your) mastery/will is
• वशः: Kartā (of implied ‘is’) / predicate-nominative
• Type: Noun
• Root: वश (प्रातिपदिक ‘will, control, mastery’)

• सनेम: may we win/obtain
• सनेम: Kartā (we) + Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सन् (to win, gain)

• वाजम्: the prize/strength
• वाजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक ‘prize, strength, booty’)

• तव: of you, your
• तव: Genitive (possessor)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (त्वद्-शब्द) → तव

• शिप्रिन्: O Śiprin (Indra)
• शिप्रिन्: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: शिप्रिन् (प्रातिपदिक; इन्द्र-विशेषण ‘with fair cheeks/jaws’)

• अवसा: by (your) help
• अवसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (प्रातिपदिक ‘help, favor, protection’)

• मक्षु: quickly, soon
• मक्षु: Adverbial (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मक्षु (अव्यय)

• चित्: even
• चित्: Emphasis
• Type: Indeclinable (particle)
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• यन्तः: going, advancing
• यन्तः: Kartā (they/you-all) of implied action ‘going/advancing’
• Type: Participle
• Root: √या (to go) → यन्त् (present participle) अथवा √इ (to go) वैदिक-प्रयोग

• अद्रिवः: O Adrivah (stone-bearing/stone-wielding one)
• अद्रिवः: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: अद्रि-वस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘having the stone/pressing-stone’, epithet of Indra/Maruts in RV usage) अथवा अद्रि (stone) + वस् (possessing)