Rig Veda 8.45.5: Mandala 8, Sukta 45, Mantra 5

Sukta 8.45

Devata: Indra

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रति त्वा शवसी वदद्गिरावप्सो न योधिषत् । यस्ते शत्रुत्वमाचके ॥

Transliteration

práti tvā śavasī́ vádad gírāv ápsō ná yódhiṣat | yás te śatrutvám ācaké ||

Translation

ضدَّكَ، يا ذا القُوّة (شَفَس)، تُنازِعُ الطاقاتُ الناطقة—كمياهٍ هائجة؛ غيرَ أنّ مَن يَتَّخِذُ لكَ عداوةً يُكشَفُ ويُباد.

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Word by Word

• प्रति: towards, against
• प्रति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (upasarga/avyaya)

• त्वा: you
• त्वा: कर्म (object)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (2nd pers. pronoun)

• शवसी: with might, by strength
• शवसी: करण (instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शवस् (n.)

• वदत्: speaking, uttering
• वदत्: कर्ता (agent; agreeing with implied speaker/subject)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: वद्

• गिरा: with a song/utterance
• गिरा: करण (instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिर् (f.)

• अप्सु: in the waters
• अप्सु: अधिकरण (location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (f.)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (particle)

• योधिषत्: fought, battled
• योधिषत्: कर्ता (agent; subject = यः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध्

• यः: who
• यः: कर्ता (agent)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• ते: of you, your
• ते: सम्बन्ध (possessive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (2nd pers. pronoun)

• शत्रुत्वम्: enmity, hostility
• शत्रुत्वम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु + त्व (taddhita abstract) → शत्रुत्व (n.)

• आचके: has displayed/assumed (as), has shown
• आचके: कर्ता (agent; subject = यः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चकि/चके (Vedic perfect of √कन्/√क (to appear/manifest; ‘to show oneself as’), with ā-)