Rig Veda 10.34.5: Mandala 10, Sukta 34, Mantra 5
Sukta 10.34
Rishi: Kavasha Ailūṣa (traditional)
Devata: Akṣāḥ (Dice)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यदादीध्ये न दविषाण्येभिः परायद्भ्योऽव हीये सखिभ्यः । न्युप्ताश्च बभ्रवो वाचमक्रतँ एमीदेषां निष्कृतं जारिणीव ॥
Transliteration
yadā́dīdhye ná daviṣāṇy ebhíḥ parāyád-bhyo’vá hīye sakhíbhyáḥ | nyùptāś ca babhrávo vā́cam ákratam émīd eṣāṃ niṣkṛtáṃ jā́riṇīva ||
Translation
حين أشتعلُ شهوةً ولا أظفرُ بهذه، أَتَخَلَّفُ عن الأصدقاءِ الراحلين. مُطرَحًا، صاغتِ السُّمُرُ كلامَها؛ فأمضي ألتمسُ فِكاكَها، كامرأةٍ مطرودةٍ تبحثُ عن سبيلِ الرجوع.
Word by Word
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण) / वाक्य-सम्बन्धक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय) < यद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
आtowards, up (prefix)
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग) अव्यय
दीध्येI have set (myself), I have fixed (my intent)
दीध्ये:
Kartā (अहं, निहित) / क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√धा (धा धारणे) → दीधि- (परिपूर्ण/आभ्यासिक-रूप)
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध-अव्यय)
दविषाणिmay I give (dispense)
दविषाणि:
Kartā (अहं) / क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√दव्/दू (दवति/दूनोति—क्षये/हिंसायाम्; RV usage: ‘to give/dispense’ is debated)
एभिःwith these
एभिः:
Karaṇa
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
परायद्भ्यःto/from those who have gone away
परायद्भ्यः:
Apādāna (वियोग/अपसारण) / Sampradāna (दत्तेः लक्ष्य) संदिग्ध-प्रयोग
TypeParticiple (Adjective/Noun)
Rootपरा-√या (गत्यर्थ) → परा-यत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
अवdown, away (prefix)
अव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअव (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
हीयेis diminished, falls short
हीये:
क्रिया; Kartā (अन्तर्निहितः—भाग्य/धनम्/अहं) संदर्भाधीन
TypeVerb
Root√हा (हानौ) → हीयते
सखिभ्यःto/from (my) friends
सखिभ्यः:
Sampradāna (to friends) / Apādāna (from friends) संदर्भाधीन
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
न्युप्ताःcast down, thrown
न्युप्ताः:
Kartā/विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धः) — ‘they (dice) cast down’
TypeParticiple (Adjective)
Rootनि-√उप्/वप् (उप्/वप्—क्षेपणे/निक्षेपे; RV: ‘to cast/throw down’) → न्युप्त (कृदन्त)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (समुच्चय-अव्यय)
बभ्रवःthe tawny ones (dice)
बभ्रवः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootबभ्रु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘tawny/brown’; also name for dice)
वाचम्speech, a word
वाचम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाच् (प्रातिपदिक)
अक्रतthey made
अक्रत:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (करणे)
एमीI go
एमी:
Kartā (अहं)
TypeVerb
Root√इ (गत्यर्थ) → एति; RV 1sg/3sg injunctive/imperf. type form ‘एमी’
इदेषाम्indeed of these
इदेषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
TypeIndeclinable + Pronoun
Rootइद् (निपात) + एषाम् (एतद् सर्वनाम)
निष्कृतम्release, redemption
निष्कृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun (abstract/result)
Rootनिस्-√कृ (करणे) → निष्कृति (प्रातिपदिक) / निष्कृत (कृदन्त)
जारिणीa lover-woman
जारिणी:
उपमान-कर्तृ (इव-उपमा) / Kartā (उपमेय-सम्बन्ध) संदर्भाधीन
TypeNoun
Rootजारिणी (प्रातिपदिक; स्त्री—‘adulteress/lover-woman’, from जार ‘paramour’)
इवlike
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (उपमा-अव्यय)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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