Rig Veda 1.42.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 42, Mantra 2
Sukta 1.42
Devata: Pūṣan
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यो नः पूषन्नघो वृको दुःशेव आदिदेशति । अप स्म तं पथो जहि ॥
Transliteration
yó naḥ pūṣann aghó vṛ́ko duḥśéva ādídeśati | ápa smá táṁ pathó jahi ||
Translation
يا بوشَن، ذلك الذئبُ المؤذي الذي يدلّنا على مسيرٍ سوء—اطرده واضربه بعيدًا عن طريقنا.
Word by Word
यःwho (that)
यः:
Kartā (सापेक्ष-उपवाक्ये) / विशेषणम् ‘वृकः’ इत्यस्य
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नःof us / our
नः:
सम्बन्धः (possessor/affected: ‘our’)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पूषन्O Pūṣan
पूषन्:
सम्बोधनम् (addressed deity)
TypeNoun (vocative deity-name)
Rootपूषन् (देवनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अघःevil, harmful
अघः:
विशेषणम् ‘वृकः’ इत्यस्य
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootअघ (प्रातिपदिक)
वृकःwolf (robber)
वृकः:
Kartā (दिदेशति इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootवृक (प्रातिपदिक)
दुःशेवःill-disposed, malicious
दुःशेवः:
विशेषणम् ‘वृकः’ इत्यस्य
TypeAdjective
Rootदुः-शेव (प्रातिपदिक; ‘दुः’ उपसर्ग + ‘शेव’)
आtowards, upon
आ:
क्रियाविशेषणम् (direction/intensity)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
दिदेशतिpoints out / indicates / aims
दिदेशति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√दिश् (दिशति ‘to point out/show/indicate’; here with reduplication)
अपaway
अप:
क्रियाविशेषणम् (away)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootअप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
स्मindeed, just
स्म:
वाक्य-निपातः
TypeIndeclinable (particle)
Rootस्म (निपात/अव्यय)
तम्him / that one
तम्:
Karma (जहि इत्यस्य)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पथःfrom the path
पथः:
Apādāna (source: ‘from the path’)
TypeNoun
Rootपथ्/पथ (प्रातिपदिक)
जहिstrike down / drive away
जहि:
क्रिया (आज्ञा)
TypeVerb
Root√हन् (हनति ‘to strike/kill’; imperative stem जहि)
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