Rig Veda 1.191.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 191, Mantra 4
Sukta 1.191
Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional attribution for RV 1.191 in many Anukramaṇī traditions; verify against the specific śākhā index used)
Devata: Sūrya/Āditya as the all-seeing power that destroys the unseen (context of adṛṣṭa-han in adjacent verses)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for this section; confirm by syllable count in the full critical recension)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
नि गावो गोष्ठे असदन्नि मृगासो अविक्षत । नि केतवो जनानां न्यदृष्टा अलिप्सत ॥
Transliteration
ní gā́vo goṣṭhé asadanní mṛgā́so avikṣata | ní ketávo jánānāṃ nyàdṛ́ṣṭā alipsata ||
Translation
فلتستقرَّ الأبقارُ (أبقارُ النور) في حظيرتها الحقّة؛ ولتُسَكَّنِ الوحوشُ (الاندفاعاتُ القلِقة). ولتُنزَلْ كِتَوُ الناس (ketu: أنوارُ التمييز) إلى صفاءٍ ساكن؛ ولتَفْقِدِ القوى المعاديةُ غيرُ المنظورة قبضتَها ولتنفلتْ وتمضِ.
Word by Word
निdown; away; into (as preverb)
नि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
गावःthe cows
गावः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
गोष्ठेin the cowshed/stall
गोष्ठे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootगो-ष्ठ (गो + √स्था/ष्ठा; प्रातिपदिक: गोष्ठ)
असदन्sat down; settled
असदन्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√सद् (सीदति) + नि (उपसर्ग)
निdown; away
नि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
मृगासःthe wild beasts/animals
मृगासः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootमृग (प्रातिपदिक)
अविक्षतdid not stir; were not disturbed
अविक्षत:
—
TypeVerb
Root√विक्ष्/विक्ष् (विक्षति/विक्षते ‘to be disturbed, to move about, to be agitated’) + अ (निषेध)
निdown; away
नि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
केतवःthe lights/meteors; (also) banners, signs
केतवः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootकेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
जनानाम्of the people
जनानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
निdown; away
नि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
अदृष्टाःunseen; not seen
अदृष्टाः:
Kartā (as predicate/qualifier of subject) / विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Root√दृश् (पश्यति) → दृष्ट (कृदन्त) + अ- (निषेध)
अलिप्सतdid not desire/seek (to harm/obtain)
अलिप्सत:
—
TypeVerb
Root√लिप्स्/√लिप् (लिप्सते ‘to desire, to long for; to seek to obtain’) + अ (निषेध)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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