Valmiki Ramayana 2.74.5 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 74, Shloka 5

भरतस्य कैकेयी-गर्हा तथा सुरभि-दृष्टान्तः

Bharata’s Reproach of Kaikeyi and the Surabhi Exemplum

Devanagari script

यत्त्वया हीदृशं पापं कृतं घोरेण कर्मणा।सर्वलोकप्रियं हित्वा ममाप्यापादितं भयम्।।।।

Transliteration

yattvayā hīdṛśaṃ pāpaṃ kṛtaṃ ghoreṇa karmaṇā |

sarvalokapriyaṃ hitvā mamāpy āpāditaṃ bhayam ||

Translation

لأنك اقترفتِ إثمًا كهذا بعملٍ رهيب، إذ هجرتِ راما محبوبَ الناس جميعًا، فقد حملتِ وزرًا عظيمًا؛ وبسببه استولى الخوف حتى عليّ.

Word by Word

• yat: that which / what
• yat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); relative pronoun

• tvayā: by you
• tvayā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha/Discourse particle (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• īdṛśam: such (of this kind)
• īdṛśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: īdṛśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; adjective qualifying pāpam

• pāpam: sin, evil deed
• pāpam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• kṛtam: done, committed
• kṛtam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (कृ धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Neuter, Accusative, Singular; agrees with pāpam; passive sense

• ghoreṇa: horrible
• ghoreṇa: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghora (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental (3rd), Singular; adjective qualifying karmaṇā

• karmaṇā: by (that) deed
• karmaṇā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental (3rd), Singular

• sarva-loka-priyam: beloved of all the worlds
• sarva-loka-priyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक) + priya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular; tatpuruṣa: sarveṣāṃ lokānāṃ priyam (genitive relation); object of hitvā

• hitvā: having abandoned
• hitvā: Purvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: hā (हा धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable; prior action

• mama: of me / to me
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; pronoun

• api: also, even
• api: Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात)

• āpāditam: brought about, caused
• āpāditam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + √pad (पद् धातु) + ṇic (णिच्) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Causative PPP (णिजन्त-क्त), Neuter, Accusative, Singular; agrees with bhayam

• bhayam: fear
• bhayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Singular

Context

That by doing this horrible deed you have committed a great sin of renouncing Rama, the beloved of all worlds. Therefore I am overtaken by fear.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kaikeyī
• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is violated when rightful duty and love toward the virtuous (Rāma, ‘beloved of all’) are abandoned for selfish ends; such adharma generates fear and moral consequence (karma).

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata, learning that Rāma has been sent away and the kingdom manipulated, confronts Kaikeyī and frames her act as a grievous sin with dangerous consequences.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s moral clarity and loyalty to dharma: he judges actions by righteousness rather than by personal gain.