Valmiki Ramayana 2.102.43: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 102, Shloka 43

पितृमरणश्रवणं जलक्रिया च

Hearing of Daśaratha’s death and the libation rites at Mandākinī

Devanagari script

रथाङ्गसाह्वा नत्यूहा हंसाः कारण्डवाः परे।तथा पुंस्कोकिलाः क्रौञ्चा विसंज्ञा भेजिरे दिशः।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.102.43

Transliteration

rathāṅga-sāhvā natyūhā haṃsāḥ kāraṇḍavāḥ pare |

tathā puṃs-kokilāḥ krauñcā visaṃjñā bhejire diśaḥ ||

Translation

البطّ وطيور الماء والإوزّ وطيور الكاراندافا، وكذلك ذكور الوقواق وطيور الكراونتش من الكركيّات—وقد استولى عليها الفزع—تفرّقت تائهةً بلا وعيٍ في كلّ الجهات.

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Word by Word

• रथाङ्गसाह्वाः: cakravāka-ducks (named rathāṅga)
• रथाङ्गसाह्वाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथाङ्ग-साह्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (रथाङ्गम् इति साह्व/नाम यस्य), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• नत्यूहाः: water-cranes (natyūha)
• नत्यूहाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नत्यूह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• हंसाः: geese/swans
• हंसाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हंस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• कारण्डवाः: kāraṇḍava-ducks
• कारण्डवाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारण्डव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• परे: others
• परे: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; विशेषण (अन्ये = others)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (likewise)

• पुंस्कोकिलाः: male cuckoos
• पुंस्कोकिलाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुंस्-कोकिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (पुंसः कोकिलः), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• क्रौञ्चाः: krauñca-birds/cranes
• क्रौञ्चाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रौञ्च (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• विसंज्ञाः: senseless, stunned
• विसंज्ञाः: Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विसंज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; विशेषण (पक्षिणः)

• भेजिरे: resorted to, fled to
• भेजिरे: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भज् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्/परिपूर्णभूत (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन, आत्मनेपद

• दिशः: directions
• दिशः: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine)

Context

Ducks, water-cranes, geese, karandavas, cranes, male cuckoos and kraunchas fled senselessly in different directions.

Characters & Entities

• haṃsa (goose/swan)
• kāraṇḍava (duck)
• kokila (cuckoo)
• krauñca (crane)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse reinforces the idea that dharma sustains order; when a righteous order is threatened, ‘direction’ itself becomes metaphorically lost—mirrored by birds fleeing in confusion.

What is the narrative situation?

The commotion rises so sharply that even birds abandon their places and scatter.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The people’s intense attachment to Rāma’s righteousness (implicit) drives a collective upheaval felt across creation.