
Sukta 4.13
Vāmadeva Gautama
Agni with Dawn/Sun and invocation to the Aśvins
Triṣṭubh (probable)
这首短歌把黎明点燃阿耆尼(Agni)的仪式,与光明在宇宙中涌现的景象相连:乌莎斯(Uṣas,曙光)开启道路,苏利耶(Sūrya,太阳)升起,并邀请阿湿毗那双神(Aśvins)来到准备周备的家祭。诗意由鲜明的晨曦图景转入沉思的惊异:天界那不可见的支撑为何物——ṛta(宇宙正法、秩序)作为隐秘的法则,使诸世界不致坠落。其旨趣兼具祭仪与哲思:一则开启晨供之礼,一则唤起对维系宇宙之秩序的洞见。
Mantra 1
प्रत्यग्निरुषसामग्रमख्यद्विभातीनां सुमना रत्नधेयम् । यातमश्विना सुकृतो दुरोणमुत्सूर्यो ज्योतिषा देव एति ॥
阿耆尼已望向黎明(Uṣas)之列的前端;在诸光的绽放之间,他怀着欢悦之心,携带宝藏之赐。阿湿毗那双神(Aśvins)啊,请来临这善建的居所;而太阳神以其光辉向上升起。
Mantra 2
ऊर्ध्वं भानुं सविता देवो अश्रेद्द्रप्सं दविध्वद्गविषो न सत्वा । अनु व्रतं वरुणो यन्ति मित्रो यत्सूर्यं दिव्यारोहयन्ति ॥
萨维特里(Savitṛ)神高举向上的光束,使那闪耀之滴奔行,如健勇的求光者。伐楼那(Varuṇa)与密多罗(Mitra)循法则(ṛta)而行,当他们令太阳登上天界。
Mantra 3
यं सीमकृण्वन्तमसे विपृचे ध्रुवक्षेमा अनवस्यन्तो अर्थम् । तं सूर्यं हरितः सप्त यह्वीः स्पशं विश्वस्य जगतो वहन्ति ॥
他们使他成为对抗黑暗的辨识者,在坚固安稳中追寻所向之旨——这太阳,由七位迅疾的哈利特(Harit)驮载;他是万有众生之动的侦察者与见证。
Mantra 4
वहिष्ठेभिर्विहरन्यासि तन्तुमवव्ययन्नसितं देव वस्म । दविध्वतो रश्मयः सूर्यस्य चर्मेवावाधुस्तमो अप्स्वन्तः ॥
你与最强力的负载者一同前行,向下织就那丝线;噢,光明的神力,你抛却黑暗的覆裹。太阳的光线击裂而开,已将黑暗驱逐下沉,如剥去兽皮一般,投入内在之水中。
Mantra 5
अनायतो अनिबद्धः कथायं न्यङ्ङुत्तानोऽव पद्यते न । कया याति स्वधया को ददर्श दिवः स्कम्भः समृतः पाति नाकम् ॥
无引导者,无系缚者——此者倒悬向下,何以竟不坠落?凭何自法(svadhā)而行?谁曾洞见:那天之支柱,凝结于真理(ṛta)之中,护持光明的穹苍(nāka)?
It connects the morning kindling of Agni with the daily victory of light: dawn opens, the sun rises, and the rite invites divine help. It also reflects on the unseen order (ṛta) that holds the cosmos steady.
The Aśvins are swift helpers associated with dawn and safe arrival. Calling them to the “well-built home” fits the morning ritual context—seeking protection, health, and smooth beginnings as the day starts.
It is a poetic way of speaking about the supporting principle that keeps the sky and world from collapsing. The verse suggests this support is grounded in ṛta—truth and cosmic order—operating by its own law (svadhā).
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