Rig Veda 8.40.11: Mandala 8, Sukta 40, Mantra 11

Sukta 8.40

Rishi: Nabhāka (as indicated by the refrain/epithet nabhāka-vat in the hymn; traditional attribution)

Devata: Indra (implicit heroic breaker of Śuṣṇa’s enclosures) / the invoked victorious Power

Chandas: Jagatī (probable; requires full metrical count verification against pada lengths)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तं शिशीता स्वध्वरं सत्यं सत्वानमृत्वियम् । उतो नु चिद्य ओहत आण्डा शुष्णस्य भेदत्यजैः स्वर्वतीरपो नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 8.40.11

Transliteration

taṃ śiśītā svadhvaraṃ satyaṃ satvānam ṛtviyam | uto nu cid ya ohasā āṇḍāni śuṣṇasya bhedati jeṣat svaḥ-vatīr apo nabhantām anyake same ||

Translation

Sharpen and make ready that true and well-directed force of the sacrifice, the power that works in the right season; for he indeed, by his strength, breaks open the eggs of Śuṣṇa—then the waters that bear the Sun-light surge forth and shine in another, higher level of the same being.

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Word by Word

• तम्: him/that
• तम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शिशीत: sharpen/prepare (you)
• शिशीत: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: शि (धातु; ‘to sharpen/prepare’)

• स्वध्वरम्: well-ordered/without injury (sacrifice/rite)
• स्वध्वरम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वध्वर (प्रातिपदिक; सु- + अध्वर ‘sacrifice’)

• सत्यम्: true, real
• सत्यम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• सत्वानम्: the strong/mighty one
• सत्वानम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्वान् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘mighty/possessing strength’)

• ऋत्वियम्: ritual-priestly; fit for the rite
• ऋत्वियम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: ऋत्विय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘belonging to the rite/seasonal priest’)

• उतो: and also; moreover
• उतो: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत (निपात)

• नु: now, indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (निपात)

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• यः: who
• यः: कर्ता
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ओहत: brought/drove
• ओहत: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह्/ऊह् (धातु; RV usage ‘to carry/bring/drive’)

• आण्डाः: eggs/ovoid masses
• आण्डाः: कर्म (भेदत्य् इत्यस्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आण्ड (प्रातिपदिक; ‘egg/testicle; oval mass’)

• शुष्णस्य: of Śuṣṇa
• शुष्णस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun (Proper)
• Root: शुष्ण (प्रातिपदिक; दैत्य-नाम)

• भेदति: splits, breaks
• भेदति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: भिद् (धातु; ‘to split’)

• अजैः: with goats (as means)
• अजैः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अज (प्रातिपदिक; ‘goat’; also ‘unborn/driver’ in some contexts)

• स्वर्वतीः: sun-bright, heaven-bringing
• स्वर्वतीः: कर्ता (अपः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वर्वत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sunlit/heavenly, possessing light’)

• अपः: waters
• अपः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘waters’)

• नभन्ताम्: let them burst forth/spring
• नभन्ताम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: नभ् (धातु; ‘to burst forth/swell; spring’)

• अन्यके: in/with another (place/one)
• अन्यके: अधिकरण
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अन्यक (प्रातिपदिक; ‘other/another’)

• समे: in the same/level place; together
• समे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun/Adjective (locative)
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘level, equal; together’)