Rig Veda 8.40.10: Mandala 8, Sukta 40, Mantra 10

Sukta 8.40

Rishi: Nabhāka (traditional)

Devata: Indra (explicit Śuṣṇa-slaying motif)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable; needs metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तं शिशीता सुवृक्तिभिस्त्वेषं सत्वानमृग्मियम् । उतो नु चिद्य ओजसा शुष्णस्याण्डानि भेदति जेषत्स्वर्वतीरपो नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥

Transliteration

táṃ śiśītā suvṛ́ktibhis tveṣáṃ satvā́nam ṛ́gmiyam | utó nu cíd yá ójasā śúṣṇasyā́ṇḍāni bhédati jéṣat svàr-vatīr apó nábhantām anyaké samé ||

Translation

Sharpen him with well-fashioned words—him, the impetuous, the strong, the one worthy of the hymn. For even now he who by force breaks the eggs of Śuṣṇa will conquer the waters that bear the luminous heaven; may the others be scattered in the same field.

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Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शिशीत: sharpen/prepare (him)
• शिशीत: (कर्तृ-आदेशः) — ‘you (should) sharpen/prepare’
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शा/शी (शा-धातु, ‘to sharpen/prepare’; Vedic: शिशीते/शिशीत)

• सुवृक्तिभिः: with well-made hymns
• सुवृक्तिभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु-वृक्ति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘good hymn/utterance’)

• त्वेषम्: fierce, impetuous
• त्वेषम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वेष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘impetuous, blazing’)

• सत्वानम्: the strong/valiant one
• सत्वानम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सत्वन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘strong/valiant being, strong one’)

• ऋग्मियम्: hymn-worthy, praiseworthy
• ऋग्मियम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋग्मिय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘worthy of ṛc, hymn-worthy/praiseworthy’)

• उतो: and also
• उतो: सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ + तो (निपात-समुच्चय; Vedic connective)

• नु: now, indeed
• नु: सम्बन्ध (उद्बोधन/निश्चयार्थक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (निपात)

• चित्: even
• चित्: सम्बन्ध (अपि-अर्थे)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात; ‘even’)

• यः: who
• यः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ओजसा: by (his) might
• ओजसा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओजस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘might, strength’)

• शुष्णस्य: of Śuṣṇa
• शुष्णस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: शुष्ण (प्रातिपदिक; demon-name Śuṣṇa)

• अण्डानि: eggs/balls
• अण्डानि: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अण्ड (प्रातिपदिक; ‘egg/testicle; Vedic: eggs/balls’)

• भेदति: splits
• भेदति: (क्रिया) — कर्म = अण्डानि
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भिद् (to split)

• जेषत्: may (he) conquer
• जेषत्: (क्रिया) — ‘may he conquer’
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जि (to conquer)

• स्वर्वतीः: sun-bright, heaven-bright
• स्वर्वतीः: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वर्वती (प्रातिपदिक; ‘having sunlight/heavenly light’; also ‘sun-bright’)

• अपः: the waters
• अपः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप्/आप् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘waters’)

• नभन्ताम्: let (them) burst forth/stream
• नभन्ताम्: (क्रिया) — कर्तृ = अपः
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नभ् (Vedic; ‘to burst forth/spring, gush’; also ‘to shine’ in some contexts)

• अन्यके: elsewhere, in another place
• अन्यके: अधिकारण
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अन्यक (प्रातिपदिक; ‘another/elsewhere’; Vedic locative)

• समे: on the level ground / in the plain
• समे: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘level, plain’; also ‘battle’ in some Vedic uses)