Rig Veda 7.50.4: Mandala 7, Sukta 50, Mantra 4

Sukta 7.50

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Āpaḥ / Nadyaḥ (Waters/Rivers) as beneficent goddess-powers

Chandas: Jagatī (likely due to longer cadence; verify against critical metrical analysis)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

याः प्रवतो निवत उद्वत उदन्वतीरनुदकाश्च याः । ता अस्मभ्यं पयसा पिन्वमानाः शिवा देवीरशिपदा भवन्तु सर्वा नद्यो अशिमिदा भवन्तु ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.50.4

Transliteration

yā́ḥ právato nívata udváta udanvátīr anudakā́ś ca yā́ḥ | tā́ asmábhyaṃ páyasā pínvamānāḥ śivā́ devī́r aśipádā bhavantu sárvā nadyo aśimídā bhavantu ||

Translation

May all the Waters—those of the slopes, the lowlands, the heights; those rich with oceanic vastness and those of smaller flow—swelling for us with nourishing sweetness, become benign goddesses without harm to the step; may all the rivers become givers of what is uninjuring and uncutting.

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Word by Word

• याः: which (fem. pl.)
• याः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रवताः: (as) downward-flowing (streams)
• प्रवताः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: प्रवत (प्रातिपदिक < प्र-√वह्/√वृ ‘to flow/descend’ → ‘slope, downward course’)

• निवताः: low-lying (streams)
• निवताः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: निवत (प्रातिपदिक)

• उद्वताः: high-lying / rising (streams)
• उद्वताः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: उद्वत (प्रातिपदिक)

• उदन्वतीः: abounding in water
• उदन्वतीः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदन्वत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनुदकाः: with following waters / having waters downstream
• अनुदकाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुदक (प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• याः: which (fem. pl.)
• याः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ताः: those (fem. pl.)
• ताः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मभ्यम्: to us
• अस्मभ्यम्: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पयसा: with milk / with nourishing fluid
• पयसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• पिन्वमानाः: being made to swell / swelling (with)
• पिन्वमानाः: Kartā
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √पिव्/√पिन् (धातु: ‘to swell, make abound, refresh’)

• शिवाः: auspicious, kindly
• शिवाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिव (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवीः: goddesses
• देवीः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिक < देव)

• अशिपदाः: with harmless course/steps (non-injuring)
• अशिपदाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अशिपद (प्रातिपदिक; अ- + शि/शय? + पद ‘foot/step’; RV epithet)

• भवन्तु: let (them) be
• भवन्तु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू

• सर्वाः: all
• सर्वाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• नद्यः: rivers
• नद्यः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)

• अशिमिदाः: harmless-bestowing / non-injuring
• अशिमिदाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अशिमिद (प्रातिपदिक; RV epithet, ‘non-harming/harmless-giving’)

• भवन्तु: let (them) be
• भवन्तु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू