Rig Veda 5.68.2: Mandala 5, Sukta 68, Mantra 2
Sukta 5.68
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya)
Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa
Chandas: Gāyatrī (probable; verify)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
सम्राजा या घृतयोनी मित्रश्चोभा वरुणश्च । देवा देवेषु प्रशस्ता ॥
Transliteration
samrājā yā́ ghṛtá-yonī mitráś cobhā́ váruṇaś ca | devā́ devéṣu praśastā́ ||
Translation
These two are co-kings, whose womb is the clarified light (ghṛta); Mitra and Varuṇa together—gods praised among the gods, powers of luminous sovereignty.
Word by Word
सम्राजाthe two sovereign kings
सम्राजा:
Kartā (with the following relative clause) / विशेष्य (of Mitra-Varuṇa)
TypeNoun (title/epithet)
Rootसम्-राजन् (प्रातिपदिक: सम्राज्/सम्राजन्)
याwho (the two)
या:
Kartā (relative clause subject referring to Mitra-Varuṇa)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (relative pronoun)
घृतयोनीwhose source is ghee / ghee-born
घृतयोनी:
Viśeṣaṇa (qualifier of the two)
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootघृत-योनि (प्रातिपदिक; तत्पुरुष/बहुव्रीहि: ‘having ghee as womb/source’)
मित्रःMitra
मित्रः:
Kartā (one member of the dual subject) / समुच्चित-कर्ता
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
चand
च:
Samuccaya (coordination)
TypeIndeclinable (conjunction)
Rootच
उभाboth
उभा:
Viśeṣaṇa (emphatic ‘both’ for Mitra & Varuṇa) / samuccaya-emphasis
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootउभ (pronominal stem ‘both’)
वरुणःVaruṇa
वरुणः:
Kartā (second member of the coordinated subject) / समुच्चित-कर्ता
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
चand
च:
Samuccaya
TypeIndeclinable (conjunction)
Rootच
देवाthe two gods
देवा:
Apposition (to ‘सम्राजा/या’: ‘the two gods’) / Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
देवेषुamong the gods
देवेषु:
Adhikaraṇa (locus: ‘among the gods’)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रशस्ताpraised, renowned
प्रशस्ता:
Viśeṣaṇa / predicate adjective of the dual subject
TypeAdjective (past passive participle used adjectivally)
Rootप्र-शंस् (धातु) → प्रशस्त (PPP) / प्रशस्ता (Vedic nom. du.)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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