Rig Veda 4.58.9: Mandala 4, Sukta 58, Mantra 9

Sukta 4.58

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Soma-yajña complex (Soma with ghṛta-currents oriented to ‘Tat’)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कन्या इव वहतुमेतवा उ अञ्ज्यञ्जाना अभि चाकशीमि । यत्र सोमः सूयते यत्र यज्ञो घृतस्य धारा अभि तत्पवन्ते ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.58.9

Transliteration

kanyā́ iva vahatúm etávā u áñjy-añjānā abhí cākaśīmi | yátra sómaḥ sūyáte yátra yajñó ghṛtásya dhā́rā abhí tát pavante ||

Translation

Like maidens going to the bridal procession, anointing themselves, I gaze upon them as they move. Where Soma is pressed out, where the yajña is established, there the streams of ghee flow toward That (the supreme goal).

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Word by Word

• कन्याः: (like) maidens/young girls
• कन्याः: उपमान (क्रियाविशेषण-तुलना) / कर्तृसमान
• Type: Noun
• Root: कन्या (प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like, as
• इव: तुलनासूचक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• वहतुम्: the bridal procession; the bridegroom (as ‘the one to be led to’)
• वहतुम्: कर्म (गमन/प्रवृत्तेः लक्ष्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वहतु (प्रातिपदिक; √वह् ‘to carry/lead’ से)

• एतवाः: going, coming forth
• एतवाः: कर्तृ (अञ्ज्यञ्जानाः का विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एतृ/एतव (प्रातिपदिक; √इ ‘to go’ से, ‘going/coming’)

• उ: indeed, just
• उ: भावप्रदर्शक/अन्वय-बल
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ

• अञ्जि: with ointment, with unguent
• अञ्जि: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अञ्जि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ointment/unguent’)

• अञ्जानाः: anointing (themselves/each other)
• अञ्जानाः: कर्तृ (एतवाः… अञ्जानाः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अञ्ज् (अञ्जने) → अञ्जान (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• अभि: towards, unto
• अभि: दिशा/अभिमुख्य
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• चाकशीमि: I look toward / I behold
• चाकशीमि: कर्तृ (अहम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √काश्/√कश् (दीप्तौ/दर्शने; वैदिक ‘to appear/shine, to look’)

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: अधिकरण (स्थान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र

• सोमः: Soma
• सोमः: कर्तृ (सूयते)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)

• सूयते: is pressed/produced
• सूयते: कर्मणि/भावे (मध्यस्थ-प्रयोग; ‘is pressed/produced’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सू (सवने/प्रसवे; ‘to press/produce’)

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: अधिकरण (स्थान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र

• यज्ञः: the sacrifice
• यज्ञः: कर्तृ/अधिकरण-संबद्ध (अस्ति-लोपे ‘where the sacrifice (is)’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)

• घृतस्य: of ghee, of clarified butter
• घृतस्य: सम्बन्ध (धाराः का)
• Type: Noun
• Root: घृत (प्रातिपदिक)

• धाराः: streams, flows
• धाराः: कर्तृ (पवन्ते)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धारा (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभि: towards, over
• अभि: अभिमुख्य/व्याप्ति
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• तत्: that (place/goal)
• तत्: कर्म (अभि… पवन्ते)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पवन्ते: they flow/purify (themselves), they stream
• पवन्ते: कर्तृ (धाराः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पू (पवने/शोधने; ‘to purify, to flow’)