Rig Veda 4.3.6 — Mandala 4, Sukta 3, Mantra 6

Sukta 4.3

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Agni (as spokesman/mediator among multiple deities)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कद्धिष्ण्यासु वृधसानो अग्ने कद्वाताय प्रतवसे शुभंये । परिज्मने नासत्याय क्षे ब्रवः कदग्ने रुद्राय नृघ्ने ॥

Transliteration

kád dhiṣṇyā́su vṛdhasānáḥ agne kád vātā́ya prá-tavase śubhaṃyé | pári-jmane nā́satyāya kṣé brávaḥ kád agne rudrā́ya nṛ-ghné ||

Translation

What word will you speak, O Agni, growing in the sacred seats—what to Vāta, the forward-driving, the beneficent? What to the far-ranging Nāsatyas—what will you say for our dwelling? What, O Agni, to Rudra the slayer of the hostile?

Word by Word

• कद्: when? how?
• कद्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कद् (प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय)

• धिष्ण्यासु: in/among the sacred seats (altars/places)
• धिष्ण्यासु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: धिष्ण्या- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृधसानः: growing, increasing
• वृधसानः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: वृध् (धातु) → वृध् + सान (कृदन्त, शानच्)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• कद्: when?
• कद्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कद् (प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय)

• वाताय: for Vāta (the Wind-god)
• वाताय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: वात- (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रतवसे: for (his) might/impetus
• प्रतवसे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतवस्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘प्र-तवस्’ = forward/manifest strength)

• शुभंयॆ: for the auspicious one / for auspiciousness
• शुभंयॆ: Sampradāna
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: शुभंयु-/शुभंय- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bringing/aiming at शुभम्’)

• परिज्मने: for the circuit/encircling course
• परिज्मने: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिज्मन्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘going around, circuit’)

• नासत्याय: for Nāsatya (one of the Aśvins)
• नासत्याय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: नासत्य- (प्रातिपदिक; epithet of the Aśvins)

• क्षे: dwell! abide!
• क्षे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्षि (धातु; Vedic injunctive/imperative-like form)

• ब्रवः: say! proclaim!
• ब्रवः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु) → ब्रवः (वैदिक रूप)

• कद्: when?
• कद्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कद् (प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• रुद्राय: for Rudra
• रुद्राय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र- (प्रातिपदिक)

• नृघ्ने: O man-slaying one (foe-slayer)
• नृघ्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: नृघ्न- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘slayer of men/foes’)