Rig Veda 4.1.9: Mandala 4, Sukta 1, Mantra 9

Sukta 4.1

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स चेतयन्मनुषो यज्ञबन्धुः प्र तं मह्या रशनया नयन्ति । स क्षेत्यस्य दुर्यासु साधन्देवो मर्तस्य सधनित्वमाप ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.1.9

Transliteration

sá cetayán mánuṣo yajñá-bandhuḥ prá táṃ mahyā́ raśanáyā nayanti | sá kṣéty asyá dúryāsu sā́dhan devó mártasya sadhani-tvám āpa ||

Translation

He awakens the human as kin of the sacrifice; then they lead him forward with a mighty rein. He dwells in this one’s houses, accomplishing the work: the god attains comradeship in the mortal’s gaining and fulfillment.

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Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• चेतयन्: (while) making aware / instructing
• चेतयन्: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: चेतय् (धातु; √cit/√cet ‘to perceive/awaken, make known’)

• मनुषः: of the man / of Manu’s (descendant)
• मनुषः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनु (प्रातिपदिक) → मनुष्य/मनुष् ‘man, human’

• यज्ञबन्धुः: the ritual-kin / one related to the sacrifice
• यज्ञबन्धुः: कर्तृ (सः … यज्ञबन्धुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ-बन्धु (समास; यज्ञ + बन्धु)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• तम्: him
• तम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मह्या: by/with the Earth (Mahi)
• मह्या: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: मही (प्रातिपदिक) ‘earth; great one’

• रशनया: with a rein/rope
• रशनया: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: रशना (प्रातिपदिक) ‘rein, rope, girdle’

• नयन्ति: they lead
• नयन्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: नी (धातु; √nī ‘to lead’)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• क्षेति: dwells
• क्षेति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्षि (धातु; √kṣi ‘to dwell, inhabit’)

• अस्य: of him / his
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• दुर्यासु: in the houses/dwellings
• दुर्यासु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्या (प्रातिपदिक) ‘house, dwelling’

• साधन्: accomplishing, prospering
• साधन्: कर्तृ (सः … साधन्)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: साध् (धातु; √sādh ‘to accomplish, set right’)

• देवः: the god
• देवः: कर्तृ (अप्पोजिशन to सः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• मर्तस्य: of the mortal
• मर्तस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त (प्रातिपदिक) ‘mortal’

• सधनित्वम्: companionship / sharing the same abode
• सधनित्वम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun (abstract)
• Root: सधनि-त्व (प्रातिपदिक; सधनि ‘sharing the same dwelling/seat’ + त्व)

• आप: attained
• आप: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: आप् (धातु; √āp ‘to reach, obtain’)