Rig Veda 3.7.9: Mandala 3, Sukta 7, Mantra 9

Sukta 3.7

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Agni (as Hotar), with Dyāvā-Pṛthivī (Rodasī) invoked

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वृषायन्ते महे अत्याय पूर्वीर्वृष्णे चित्राय रश्मयः सुयामाः । देव होतर्मन्द्रतरश्चिकित्वान्महो देवान्रोदसी एह वक्षि ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.7.9

Transliteration

vṛṣāyánte mahé átyāya pū́rvīr vṛ́ṣṇe citrā́ya raśmáyaḥ su-yā́māḥ | déva hotar mandrátaraś cikitvān mahó devā́n rodasī́ éha vakṣi ||

Translation

The ancient rays surge mightily for the great beyond, for the Bull of many forms, moving in a right course. O divine Hotar, more gladdening and knowing, bring here the great gods—Heaven and Earth—into this working.

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Word by Word

• वृषायन्ते: they become vigorous / they rush forth (like bulls)
• वृषायन्ते: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृष् (वर्षणे/वृष्- ‘to rain, to be strong’; denominative/caus.-like in Vedic: वृषायति)

• महे: for the great (one)
• महे: Sampradāna
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक: मह-)

• अत्याय: for the steed
• अत्याय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘steed’)

• पूर्वीः: many / former (fem. pl.)
• पूर्वीः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृष्णे: for the bull / the mighty one
• वृष्णे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• चित्राय: for the bright/wondrous (one)
• चित्राय: Sampradāna
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• रश्मयः: rays, reins
• रश्मयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रश्मि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुयामाः: well-guiding / easy-going
• सुयामाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-याम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘good-going, well-guiding’)

• देव: O god
• देव: (Sambोधन)
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• होतर्मन्द्रतरः: O Hotar, more gladdening
• होतर्मन्द्रतरः: (Sambोधन)
• Type: Noun + Adjective (vocative)
• Root: होतृ (प्रातिपदिक) + मन्द्रतर (comparative of मन्द्र)

• चिकित्वान्: knowing, wise
• चिकित्वान्: Kartā
• Type: Participle (perfect/possessive of knowledge)
• Root: चित् (धातु ‘to perceive/know’) → कृत्: चिकित्वस्/चिकित्वान्

• महो: the great (one)
• महो: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक: मह-)

• देवान्: the gods
• देवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• रोदसी: the two worlds (heaven and earth)
• रोदसी: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोदसी (dual stem; ‘heaven-and-earth’)

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (avyaya)

• वक्षि: convey / bring
• वक्षि: (Prayojaka to agent addressed)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह् (धातु ‘to carry, convey’)