Rig Veda 3.3.7: Mandala 3, Sukta 3, Mantra 7

Sukta 3.3

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अग्ने जरस्व स्वपत्य आयुन्यूर्जा पिन्वस्व समिषो दिदीहि नः । वयांसि जिन्व बृहतश्च जागृव उशिग्देवानामसि सुक्रतुर्विपाम् ॥

Transliteration

agné járasva sva-patyá ā́yuni ūrjā́ pinvasva sám iṣó didīhi naḥ | vayā́ṃsi jinva bṛhatáś ca jāgṛva uśíg devā́nām ási su-krátur vipā́m ||

Translation

O Agni, grow in us for a good mastery and a long course; strengthen us by the delighting energy, and kindle our harmonies. Increase our powers of flight, and awaken to the Vast; you are the eager flame of the gods, the good-willed intelligence of the seers.

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Word by Word

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: अग्नि-

• जरस्व: grow old / endure (live long)
• जरस्व: कर्तृ (आह्वान/प्रवृत्तिकर्ता: अग्नि)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जॄ (जर्) / जरस्- (old age) → जरस्व (Vedic injunctive/imperative form)

• स्वपत्ये: in/for good lordship (good mastery, good household rule)
• स्वपत्ये: अधिकरण (लक्ष्य-परिसरः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वपत्य- (स्व + पत्य)

• आयुनि: in life / in lifetime
• आयुनि: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयु-

• ऊर्जा: with strength / with nourishment
• ऊर्जा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊर्ज्-/ऊर्जा-

• पिन्वस्व: make (us/it) thrive; invigorate
• पिन्वस्व: कर्तृ (अग्नि)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पिव्/√पिन्व् (to swell, make abound, invigorate)

• सम्: together, fully
• सम्: —
• Type: Preverb
• Root: सम्-

• इषः: of refreshment / of nourishment
• इषः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इष्-/इषा- (refreshment, nourishment)

• दिदीहि: shine forth; blaze
• दिदीहि: कर्तृ (अग्नि)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दीद्/√दी (to shine, blaze) → desiderative/intensive-like stem दिदी-

• नः: of us / our
• नः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• वयांसि: vital powers; vigor
• वयांसि: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयस्- (vital power, vigor; also ‘birds’ in later usage)

• जिन्व: quicken; invigorate
• जिन्व: कर्तृ (अग्नि)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जिव्/√जिन्व् (to quicken, set in motion, invigorate)

• बृहतः: of the great (one)
• बृहतः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: बृहन्त्-

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• जागृवः: the wakeful one
• जागृवः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Participle (adjective)
• Root: √जागृ (to be awake) → जागृवस्- (Vedic perfect active participle)

• उशिक्: the eager (priestly) one
• उशिक्: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: उशिज्-/उशिक्- (eager, desirous; a ritual epithet)

• देवानाम्: of the gods
• देवानाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव-

• असि: you are
• असि: कर्तृ (अग्नि) / विधेय
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (to be)

• सुक्रतुः: of good resolve / good wisdom
• सुक्रतुः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: सु- + क्रतु-

• विपाम्: of the inspired poets (seers)
• विपाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्- / विप्र- (in RV: inspired sage/poet; here gen. pl. ‘of the seers/poets’)