Rig Veda 2.21.2: Mandala 2, Sukta 21, Mantra 2

Sukta 2.21

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अभिभुवेऽभिभङ्गाय वन्वतेऽषाळ्हाय सहमानाय वेधसे । तुविग्रये वह्नये दुष्टरीतवे सत्रासाहे नम इन्द्राय वोचत ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.21.2

Transliteration

abhí-bhuve ’bhibháṅgāya vanvaté ’ṣā́ḷhāya sáhamānāya vedháse | tuvigráye váhnaye duṣṭárītave satrā́sāhe náma índrāya vocata ||

Translation

Utter your homage to Indra: the overcomer who breaks the breakers, the assaulter who presses forward, the unconquered who bears the shock, the wise disposer; the mighty-voiced, the impelling bearer of the flame, hard to be outstripped, the ever-victorious.

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Word by Word

• अभिभुवे: to the overpowering one
• अभिभुवे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: अभि-भू (√भू)

• अभिभङ्गाय: to the breaker (of foes)
• अभिभङ्गाय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: अभि-भञ्ज (√भञ्ज) / प्रातिपदिक: अभिभङ्ग

• वन्वते: (who) strives / presses on
• वन्वते: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वन् (वन्व्) ‘to strive/seek, to win’

• अषाळ्हाय: to the unconquered
• अषाळ्हाय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: प्रातिपदिक: अषाळ्ह (a-√सह/√षह ‘not to be overcome’)

• सहमानाय: to the prevailing/enduring one
• सहमानाय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √सह ‘to endure, overcome’ → सहमान (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• वेधसे: to the wise ordainer
• वेधसे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: प्रातिपदिक: वेधस् (from √विध्/√वेध् ‘to work, to arrange; wise/ordainer’)

• तुविग्रये: to the very foremost
• तुविग्रये: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: प्रातिपदिक: तुवि-ग्रय (तुवि ‘much, mighty’ + ग्रय ‘foremost’)

• वह्नये: to the bearer/impeller
• वह्नये: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: प्रातिपदिक: वह्नि (from √वह् ‘to carry’; ‘bearer, impeller’)

• दुष्टरीतवे: to the hard-to-surpass one
• दुष्टरीतवे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: प्रातिपदिक: दुष्-तरीतु (दुष् + √तॄ ‘to cross’; ‘hard to overcome/cross’)

• सत्रासाहे: to the ever-victorious
• सत्रासाहे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: प्रातिपदिक: सत्रा-साह (सत्रा ‘always’ + √सह ‘to conquer’)

• नमः: obeisance
• नमः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रातिपदिक: नमस् (from √नम् ‘to bow’)

• इन्द्राय: to Indra
• इन्द्राय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun (deity name)
• Root: प्रातिपदिक: इन्द्र

• वोचत: speak / utter
• वोचत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् ‘to speak’