Rig Veda 1.55.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 55, Mantra 4

Sukta 1.55

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स इद्वने नमस्युभिर्वचस्यते चारु जनेषु प्रब्रुवाण इन्द्रियम् । वृषा छन्दुर्भवति हर्यतो वृषा क्षेमेण धेनां मघवा यदिन्वति ॥

Transliteration

sa íd váne namasyúbhir vacasyate cā́ru jáneṣu prabruvāṇá indríyam | vṛ́ṣā chándur bhavati haryató vṛ́ṣā kṣémēṇa dhénāṃ maghávā yád invati ||

Translation

He is voiced in the forested being by those who bow; he proclaims his Indra-force as a beautiful thing among men. A bull of power, he becomes the glad delight for the aspiring; a bull again, the bounteous one drives the milch-cow of abundance by peace—pressing out the nourishing flow.

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Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (स-आदेशः)

• इत्: indeed / just
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (निपात)

• वने: in the wood / in the forest
• वने: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन

• नमस्युभिः: by worshippers / with reverent men
• नमस्युभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: नमस्यु (नमस् + यु; ‘one who reveres’)

• वचस्यते: is praised / is addressed with hymns
• वचस्यते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वचस्य (नामधातु; from वचस्)

• चारु: beautifully / fair
• चारु: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चारु

• जनेषु: among the peoples
• जनेषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन

• प्रब्रुवाणः: proclaiming / speaking forth
• प्रब्रुवाणः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: प्र + ब्रू

• इन्द्रियम्: Indra’s power / might
• इन्द्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रिय

• वृषा: the Bull (the strong one)
• वृषा: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वृषन्

• छन्दुः: (his) chant / hymn / metrical song
• छन्दुः: Kartā/Predicative
• Type: Noun
• Root: छन्दस्

• भवति: becomes / is
• भवति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू

• हर्यतः: of the bay-horsed one (Indra)
• हर्यतः: —
• Type: Adjective (genitive)
• Root: हर्यत् (हरि-सम्बद्धः; ‘bay-horsed/desired’)

• वृषा: the Bull / the strong one
• वृषा: Kartā/Predicative
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वृषन्

• क्षेमेण: with welfare / safely
• क्षेमेण: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षेम

• धेनाम्: the milch-cow
• धेनाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु

• मघवा: the bountiful one (Indra)
• मघवा: Kartā
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: मघवन्

• यत्: when / that which
• यत्: Karma/Adverbial
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद्

• इन्वति: drives / impels / sets in motion
• इन्वति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: इन्/इन्व् (वैदिक; ‘to set in motion, drive, impel’)