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Description of the Forms of Infernal Torments
Naraka Yātanās
समुत्तस्थौ महानादो हाहाकारसमाकुलः ॥ बध्नतो विविधैर्बन्धैर्घातयन्तश्च दारुणम् ॥
samuttasthau mahānādo hāhākārasamākulaḥ || badhnato vividhair bandhair ghātayantaś ca dāruṇam
เสียงอื้ออึงใหญ่บังเกิดขึ้น ปะปนด้วยเสียงร้อง “ฮา ฮา”; พวกเขามัดด้วยพันธนาการนานา แล้วตีฟันด้วยความทารุณอันน่าสะพรึง
Varāha (default framework)
Such formulaic depictions of cries, fetters, and beating are part of a shared Purāṇic repertoire, enabling intertextual comparison across naraka accounts.
No geographic location is mentioned.
The narrative emphasizes that harmful acts lead to coercive suffering, functioning as a moral deterrent.
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