Rig Veda 9.93.1: Mandala 9, Sukta 93, Mantra 1

Sukta 9.93

Devata: Soma Pavamāna (Hari/Indu)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

साकमुक्षो मर्जयन्त स्वसारो दश धीरस्य धीतयो धनुत्रीः । हरिः पर्यद्रवज्जाः सूर्यस्य द्रोणं ननक्षे अत्यो न वाजी ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 9.93.1

Transliteration

sākám ukṣó marjayanta svásāro dáśa dhī́rasya dhītáyo dhánutrīḥ | hárīḥ páry adravat jā́ḥ sū́ryasya dróṇaṃ nanakṣe átyo na vājī́ ||

Translation

เหล่าพี่น้องสตรีร่วมกันขัดเกลาวัวผู้; ความคิดสิบประการของผู้มั่นคง ดุจผู้คาดคันศร ผู้มีสีทองแดงวิ่งวนไปมา—ผู้บังเกิดจากสุริยะ; เขาไปถึงรางน้ำ ดุจม้าศึกผู้รวดเร็ว ผู้พาแรงอุดมสมบูรณ์มา

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Word by Word

• साकम्: together, in company
• साकम्: Adhikaraṇa (सहभाव/समवाय-निर्देश) / क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साकम् (अव्यय) < साक (सह-अर्थे)

• उक्षः: the bull (Soma as bull)
• उक्षः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उक्षन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• मर्जयन्त: they cleansed/purified
• मर्जयन्त: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृज् (धातु) ‘to cleanse, polish’

• स्वसारः: the sisters
• स्वसारः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वसृ (प्रातिपदिक) ‘sister’

• दश: ten
• दश: Viśeṣaṇa (स्वसारः इत्यस्य) / संख्या-निर्देश
• Type: Numeral
• Root: दशन्/दश (संख्या)

• धीरस्य: of the wise one
• धीरस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun
• Root: धीरा (प्रातिपदिक) ‘wise’

• धीतयः: inspirations, hymns
• धीतयः: Kartā (स्वसारः इत्यस्य अपि व्याख्या/समन्वयः) / apposition
• Type: Noun
• Root: धीति (प्रातिपदिक) ‘thought, hymn, inspiration’

• धनुत्रीः: the धनुत्री-s (arching strainers/implements)
• धनुत्रीः: Karma
• Type: Noun / Adjective
• Root: धनुत्री (प्रातिपदिक) ‘bow-like/arching; (also) a kind of strainer/implement’

• हरिः: the tawny one (Soma)
• हरिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक) ‘tawny one; Soma/steed’

• परि: around, forth, all about
• परि: (क्रियाविशेषण) —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अद्रवत्: ran, rushed
• अद्रवत्: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: द्रु (धातु) ‘to run’ (उपसर्ग: आ/अ- here as augment in लङ्)

• जाः: born (one), offspring
• जाः: Kartā (हरिः इत्यस्य विशेषण/समनाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: जा (प्रातिपदिक) ‘born; offspring’

• सूर्यस्य: of the Sun
• सूर्यस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• द्रोणम्: the vat/trough
• द्रोणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण (प्रातिपदिक) ‘trough, vat, wooden vessel’

• न: like, as
• न: (उपमान-निर्देश) —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• ननक्षे: has reached/attained
• ननक्षे: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: नश् (धातु) ‘to reach, attain’

• अत्यः: a steed
• अत्यः: Kartā (उपमान-रूपेण) / simile-subject
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्य (प्रातिपदिक) ‘steed, horse’

• न: like
• न: (उपमान-निर्देश) —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• वाजी: a racer, swift one
• वाजी: Kartā (उपमान-रूपेण) / simile-apposition
• Type: Noun / Adjective
• Root: वाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘prize-winning; swift; racer’