Rig Veda 8.61.4 — Mandala 8, Sukta 61, Mantra 4
Sukta 8.61
Devata: Indra
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अप्रामिसत्य मघवन्तथेदसदिन्द्र क्रत्वा यथा वशः । सनेम वाजं तव शिप्रिन्नवसा मक्षू चिद्यन्तो अद्रिवः ॥
Transliteration
aprā́mi-satya maghaván táthéd asad índra krátvā yáthā váśaḥ | sanéma vā́jaṃ táva śiprin ávasā makṣū́ cid yánto adri-vaḥ ||
Translation
โอ้ผู้เอื้อเฟื้อผู้ซึ่งสัจจะไม่เคยพลาดพลั้ง ขอให้เป็นดังนั้นเถิด โอ้ อินทรา (Indra) ด้วยเจตจำนงและฤทธิ์เดช (กรตุ) ของท่าน ตามที่ท่านทรงประสงค์ โอ้ผู้กรามแข็งแกร่ง ด้วยความช่วยเหลือของท่าน ขอให้เราชนะได้ซึ่งความบริบูรณ์แห่งพลัง (วาชะ) แม้เมื่อเรารุดหน้าอย่างฉับไว โอ้ผู้ถือศิลา
Word by Word
अप्रामिI have not failed / I did not fall short
अप्रामि:
Kartā (implicit ‘I’)
TypeVerb
Rootप्रा-√अम् (अम् ‘to injure/overpower’; with preverb प्रा) अथवा √अम्/√अन् (वेदिक प्रयोग)
असत्यO not-false one / O unfailing one
असत्य:
Sambodhana
TypeAdjective (vocative use)
Rootअ-सत्य (सत्य ‘true’ + नञ्) प्रातिपदिक
मघवन्O bountiful one
मघवन्:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootमघवन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bountiful, giver’)
तथाthus, in that way
तथा:
Adverbial (manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
इद्indeed, just
इद्:
Emphasis
TypeIndeclinable (particle)
Rootइद् (निपात)
असत्he is/was (so)
असत्:
Kriyā (finite verb of clause)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू) → असत् (वेदिक: injunctive/imperf. sense ‘be/was’)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
क्रत्वाby (your) resolve/power
क्रत्वा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootक्रतु (प्रातिपदिक ‘power, resolve, intelligence’)
यथाas, just as
यथा:
Comparative/relative adverb
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
वशः(your) mastery/will is
वशः:
Kartā (of implied ‘is’) / predicate-nominative
TypeNoun
Rootवश (प्रातिपदिक ‘will, control, mastery’)
सनेमmay we win/obtain
सनेम:
Kartā (we) + Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√सन् (to win, gain)
वाजम्the prize/strength
वाजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाज (प्रातिपदिक ‘prize, strength, booty’)
तवof you, your
तव:
Genitive (possessor)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (त्वद्-शब्द) → तव
शिप्रिन्O Śiprin (Indra)
शिप्रिन्:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootशिप्रिन् (प्रातिपदिक; इन्द्र-विशेषण ‘with fair cheeks/jaws’)
अवसाby (your) help
अवसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअवस् (प्रातिपदिक ‘help, favor, protection’)
मक्षुquickly, soon
मक्षु:
Adverbial (time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमक्षु (अव्यय)
चित्even
चित्:
Emphasis
TypeIndeclinable (particle)
Rootचित् (निपात)
यन्तःgoing, advancing
यन्तः:
Kartā (they/you-all) of implied action ‘going/advancing’
TypeParticiple
Root√या (to go) → यन्त् (present participle) अथवा √इ (to go) वैदिक-प्रयोग
अद्रिवःO Adrivah (stone-bearing/stone-wielding one)
अद्रिवः:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootअद्रि-वस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘having the stone/pressing-stone’, epithet of Indra/Maruts in RV usage) अथवा अद्रि (stone) + वस् (possessing)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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