Rig Veda 7.79.2: Mandala 7, Sukta 79, Mantra 2

Sukta 7.79

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (probable)

Devata: Uṣas (with Savitṛ as simile)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

व्यञ्जते दिवो अन्तेष्वक्तून्विशो न युक्ता उषसो यतन्ते । सं ते गावस्तम आ वर्तयन्ति ज्योतिर्यच्छन्ति सवितेव बाहू ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.79.2

Transliteration

vy àñjate divó ánteṣv aktū́n víśo ná yuktā́ uṣáso yatante | sáṃ te gā́vas táma ā́ vartayanti jyótir yácchanti savitéva bāhū́ ||

Translation

ณปลายราตรีแห่งฟ้า พวกนางแผ่กายออก; ดุจหมู่ชนที่เทียมแอกแล้ว เหล่าอุษาทั้งหลายเพียรเร่งไปข้างหน้า รัศมีของท่าน—โคแห่งแสง—หันความมืดกลับ และยื่นแสงไว้ ดุจสวิตฤ (Savitṛ) เหยียดแขนแห่งการขับดันออกไป.

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Word by Word

• व्यञ्जते: they manifest/appear, become visible
• व्यञ्जते: Kriyā (of subject ‘उषसः’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यञ्ज् (vy-añj) / √अञ्ज्

• दिवः: of heaven/sky
• दिवः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (prātipadika: दिव्/द्यौ-)

• अन्तेषु: at the ends/borders
• अन्तेषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्त (prātipadika)

• अक्तून्: nights (dark periods)
• अक्तून्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्तु (prātipadika)

• विशः: clans/settlements
• विशः: Kartā (simile-subject) / Upamāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश् (prātipadika)

• न: like/as
• न: Upamā-vācaka
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• युक्ताः: yoked, harnessed, joined
• युक्ताः: Viśeṣaṇa (of implied subject in simile: ‘विशः’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: युज् → युक्त (PPP)

• उषसः: the Dawns
• उषसः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (prātipadika)

• यतन्ते: they strive/press on, hasten
• यतन्ते: Kriyā (main verb of clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: यत् (√यत्)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम्

• ते: for you/to you
• ते: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्/युष्मद् (enclitic pronoun)

• गावः: cows
• गावः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (prātipadika)

• तमः: darkness
• तमः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस् (prātipadika)

• आ: towards, hither
• आ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ

• वर्तयन्ति: they cause to turn/roll away, drive off
• वर्तयन्ति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत् (causative: वर्तय-)

• ज्योतिः: light
• ज्योतिः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस् (prātipadika)

• यच्छन्ति: they extend/grant, bestow
• यच्छन्ति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: यम् (√यम्)

• सविता: Savitar (the impeller Sun-god)
• सविता: Kartā (of implied comparison) / Upamāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (prātipadika)

• इव: like
• इव: Upamā-vācaka
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• बाहू: two arms
• बाहू: Karma (object of ‘यच्छन्ति’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु (prātipadika)