Rig Veda 5.9.4: Mandala 5, Sukta 9, Mantra 4

Sukta 5.9

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (probable for 5.9)

Devata: Agni (ambivalent: beneficent and dangerous)

Chandas: Likely Anuṣṭubh/Gāyatrī-family short meter (uncertain; requires scan)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उत स्म दुर्गृभीयसे पुत्रो न ह्वार्याणाम् । पुरू यो दग्धासि वनाग्ने पशुर्न यवसे ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 5.9.4

Transliteration

uta sma duḥ-gṛbhīyase putro na hvāryāṇām | purū yo dagdhāsi vanāgne paśur na yavase ||

Translation

ถึงกระนั้นท่านก็ยังยากจะยึดไว้ ดุจบุตรท่ามกลางผู้เกเร; โอ อัคนี (Agni) ท่านเผาผลาญพงไพรเป็นอันมาก ดุจสัตว์ที่ถูกปล่อยสู่ทุ่งหญ้าเลี้ยงกิน.

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Word by Word

• उत: and, also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• स्म: indeed, just
• स्म: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म

• दुर्गृभीयसे: you are hard to seize/hold
• दुर्गृभीयसे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: दुर्-ग्रह् (गृह्णाति) → गृभीयते

• पुत्रः: a son
• पुत्रः: Kartā (उपमान-रूपेण) / विषय-निर्देश
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• ह्वार्याणाम्: of the wayward/errant (ones)
• ह्वार्याणाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of the …’
• Type: Noun/Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: ह्वार्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ह्वार’/‘ह्वर्’ से व्युत्पन्न ‘वक्र/कुटिल/दुर्वर्त’ अर्थ)

• पुरू: much, many
• पुरू: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरु

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (सापेक्ष-सम्बन्ध) / सम्बन्धक
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (यः/या/यत्)

• दग्धासि: you are burnt / you are (as) burned
• दग्धासि: —
• Type: Verb (periphrastic with participle)
• Root: दह् (दहति) → दग्ध (कृदन्त) + अस् (असि)

• वन: wood, forest
• वन: Adhikaraṇa (स्थाने) (समासार्थ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि

• पशुः: a beast, cattle
• पशुः: Kartā (उपमान-रूपेण) / विषय-निर्देश
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• यवसे: for grass/fodder
• यवसे: Sampradāna (उद्देश्य/प्रयोजन) / ‘for fodder/grass’
• Type: Noun
• Root: यवस