Rig Veda 5.48.1: Mandala 5, Sukta 48, Mantra 1

Sukta 5.48

Devata: Unclear in isolation; verse imagery suggests a cosmic formative power spreading waters in the cloud (often linked in RV diction to Parjanya/Indra’s rain-action or to a goddess-like māyā-power).

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कदु प्रियाय धाम्ने मनामहे स्वक्षत्राय स्वयशसे महे वयम् । आमेन्यस्य रजसो यदभ्र आँ अपो वृणाना वितनोति मायिनी ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 5.48.1

Transliteration

kádu priyā́ya dhā́mne manāmahe svákṣatrāya sváyaśase mahé vayám | āmenyásya rájaso yád abhrá ā́ṃ apó vṛṇānā́ vitanóti māyínī ||

Translation

เมื่อใดหนอเราจึงจะหันความคิดไปสู่ที่ประทับอันเป็นที่รัก—ของมหาผู้ทรงอำนาจอธิปไตยด้วยตน และทรงรัศมีด้วยตน? เมื่อมหาช่างทอ (Mayinī) ผู้ทรงฤทธิ์ กอบเอาน้ำไว้ในเมฆ แล้วแผ่ขยายแดนกว้างด้วยพลังแห่งการก่อรูปของนาง.

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Word by Word

• कदु: when? indeed
• कदु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदु (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक) / कदा (प्रश्नार्थ)

• प्रियाय: for the dear (one/thing)
• प्रियाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)

• धाम्ने: for (his) abode/splendour
• धाम्ने: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: धामन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• मनामहे: we think/ponder; we revere
• मनामहे: — (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मन् (मनुते) / √मन् (to think, to honour)

• स्वक्षत्राय: for the one of good dominion/power
• स्वक्षत्राय: Sampradāna
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: स्व-क्षत्र (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष)

• स्वयशसे: for the one of good fame
• स्वयशसे: Sampradāna
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: स्व-यशस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• महे: for the great (one)
• महे: Sampradāna
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: मह्/महत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• आमेन्यस्य: of the wondrous/approachable one
• आमेन्यस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आमेन्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘to be approached/desired’ sense, Vedic)

• रजसः: of the space/region (mid-air)
• रजसः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: which/that
• यत्: Karma (of implied verb ‘is/exists’ or as object of ‘knows/does’ in sense)
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अभ्रः: cloud
• अभ्रः: Kartā (of implied ‘is/comes’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभ्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• आन्: towards, hither (intensifier)
• आन्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (particle/preverb)
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) + √अन्/√अ (गत्यर्थ; here as preverbial particle in RV)

• अपः: the waters
• अपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृणाना: choosing/taking
• वृणाना: Kartā (with वितनोति)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते ‘to choose, to take’)

• वितनोति: spreads out, extends
• वितनोति: — (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + √तन् (तनुते/तनोति ‘to stretch, spread’)

• मायिनी: the wondrous/possessing māyā (magic power)
• मायिनी: Kartā (apposition to वृणाना)
• Type: Adjective (f.)
• Root: मायिन् (प्रातिपदिक)