Rig Veda 5.31.10: Mandala 5, Sukta 31, Mantra 10

Sukta 5.31

Rishi: Atri Bhauma (Ātreya) (traditional for RV 5.31)

Devata: Indra (with Maruts as companions)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वातस्य युक्तान्त्सुयुजश्चिदश्वान्कविश्चिदेषो अजगन्नवस्युः । विश्वे ते अत्र मरुतः सखाय इन्द्र ब्रह्माणि तविषीमवर्धन् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 5.31.10

Transliteration

vā́tasya yuktā́nt suyújaś cid áśvān kavíś cid eṣó ajagan avasyúḥ | víśve te átra marútaḥ sakhā́ya índra bráhmāṇi táviṣīm avardhan ||

Translation

ผู้แสวงหาพรใหม่ผู้นี้ได้ไปถึงแม้เหล่าม้าแห่งวายุที่เทียมดีและผูกดีแล้ว; แม้กวีก็ได้มาถึงด้วยความใฝ่ปรารถนาของตน. ณ ที่นี้ มารุตทั้งปวง—สหายของท่าน—โอ้อินทระ ได้เพิ่มพูนฤทธานุภาพของท่านด้วยบทสรรเสริญ (brahmāṇi).

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Word by Word

• वातस्य: of the Wind
• वातस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वात (प्रातिपदिक) < √वा (वाति ‘to blow’)

• युक्तान्: yoked
• युक्तान्: कर्म (of अजगन्)
• Type: Adjective (participial)
• Root: √युज् (युज्/युञ्ज् ‘to yoke, join’) → युक्त (कृदन्त, क्त)

• सुयुजः: well-yoked / well-harnessed
• सुयुजः: कर्म (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु- (उपसर्ग) + युज् (प्रातिपदिक ‘yoking/fit for yoking’)

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात/अव्यय)

• अश्वान्: horses
• अश्वान्: कर्म (of अजगन्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• कविः: the sage/poet
• कविः: कर्तृ (of अजगन्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि (प्रातिपदिक)

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात/अव्यय)

• एषः: this (one)
• एषः: कर्तृ (apposition to कविः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अजगन्: went / came
• अजगन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (गच्छति ‘to go’) with augment a-; Vedic injunctive/aorist form

• नवस्युः: seeker of new (boons)
• नवस्युः: कर्तृ/विशेषण (of implied Indra)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: नवस्यु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘seeking/bringing what is new’, from नव ‘new’ + -स्यु desiderative/agentive suffix)

• विश्वे: all
• विश्वे: कर्तृ (of अवर्धन्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: of you / your
• ते: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम) → ते

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: अधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)

• मरुतः: the Maruts
• मरुतः: कर्तृ (apposition to विश्वे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सखायः: friends
• सखायः: कर्तृ (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• ब्रह्माणि: hymns / sacred utterances
• ब्रह्माणि: कर्तृ (with विश्वे…मरुतः…सखायः as agents; brahmāṇi as their ‘formulations’/hymns)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sacred formulation/hymn’)

• तविषीम्: might / strength
• तविषीम्: कर्म (of अवर्धन्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तविषी (प्रातिपदिक; ‘strength, might’)

• अवर्धन्: increased / strengthened
• अवर्धन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृध् (वर्धते ‘to grow, increase’) with augment a-