Rig Veda 4.9.5 — Mandala 4, Sukta 9, Mantra 5

Sukta 4.9

Devata: Agni

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वेषि ह्यध्वरीयतामुपवक्ता जनानाम् । हव्या च मानुषाणाम् ॥

Transliteration

véṣi hí adhvarīyatā́m upa-vaktā́ jánānām | havyā́ ca mā́nuṣāṇām ||

Translation

เพราะแท้จริงท่านเสาะหาและเข้าประจำที่ เป็นผู้ขับสวดใกล้ชิด (upavaktṛ) แก่ผู้ประกอบพิธี; และเพื่อเครื่องบูชาของมนุษย์ทั้งหลาย ท่านก็เปล่งวาจา—แปรถ้อยคำให้เป็นการถวายอันสัมฤทธิ์ผล.

Word by Word

• वे॒षि॒: you serve / you work (as)
• वे॒षि॒: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विष् (वेवेष्टि/वेवेषे ‘सेव्/वेष्ट्/वेष्’—to serve, be active for, work for)

• हि: indeed / for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (particle)

• अध्वरीयताम्: the adhvaryu-function / the ritual service
• अध्वरीयताम्: Karma (object/complement of वेषि)
• Type: Noun (collective/abstract)
• Root: अध्वरीय (prātipadika from अध्वर ‘sacrifice’ → ‘pertaining to the adhvaryu/ritual’)

• उपवक्ता: the invoker / reciter / one who calls near
• उपवक्ता: Kartā (apposition to implied ‘त्वम्’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपवक्तृ (agent noun from उप-√वच् ‘to speak forth, recite, invite’)

• जनानाम्: of the peoples
• जनानाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitive relation to उपवक्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (prātipadika)

• हव्या: oblations / offerings
• हव्या: Karma (object, understood with ‘(वेषि/वहसि/उपवक्तृ-कार्ये)’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हव्य (prātipadika from √हु ‘to sacrifice, offer’)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (conjunction)

• मानुषाणाम्: of men / of mortals
• मानुषाणाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitive relation to हव्या)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: मानुष (prātipadika)