Rig Veda 4.23.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 23, Mantra 2

Sukta 4.23

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra (implied continuation of the inquiry)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

को अस्य वीरः सधमादमाप समानंश सुमतिभिः को अस्य । कदस्य चित्रं चिकिते कदूती वृधे भुवच्छशमानस्य यज्योः ॥

Transliteration

kó asya vīráḥ sadha-mā́dam ā́pa sám ānaṃśa sumatí-bhiḥ kó asya | kád asya citráṃ cikite kád ūtī́ vṛdhé bhúvac chaśamā́nasyá yájyōḥ ||

Translation

วีรบุรุษของท่านคือผู้ใด ผู้บรรลุสู่ความรื่นรมย์ร่วมกัน (sadhāmāda)? ผู้ใดแบ่งปันสิ่งนั้นด้วยปัญญาอันดี—ผู้ใดเป็นของท่าน? ผู้คนหยั่งรู้ความพิสดารอันงดงามของท่านเมื่อใด และความอุปถัมภ์ (ūti) ของท่านคือสิ่งใด เพื่อให้ผู้มุ่งมั่นผู้แข็งแกร่ง—ผู้ควรแก่การบูชา (yajya)—เจริญงอกงาม.

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Word by Word

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (किम्-प्रातिपदिक) सर्वनाम

• अस्य: of him/this (one)
• अस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वीरः: hero, man
• वीरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)

• सधमादम्: common feast/banquet (soma-feast)
• सधमादम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधमाद (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सह-’ + ‘माद’/‘मद्’ भावः)

• आप: reached, attained
• आप: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: आप् (धातु) ‘to attain, reach’

• समानम्: same, common
• समानम्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समान (प्रातिपदिक)

• शः: indeed, just
• शः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: श (एन्क्लिटिक अव्यय; RV-प्रयोगः, ‘indeed/just/also’)

• सुमतिभिः: with good thoughts/favours
• सुमतिभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमति (प्रातिपदिक)

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (किम्-प्रातिपदिक) सर्वनाम

• अस्य: of him/this (one)
• अस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• कद्: when?
• कद्: Adhikaraṇa (temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable (interrogative) / Pronoun-stem used adverbially
• Root: कद् (किम्-प्रातिपदिक; अव्ययीभाव/निपात-प्रयोगः ‘when?’)

• अस्य: of him/this (one)
• अस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• चित्रम्: wonder, marvel; bright deed
• चित्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: चित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• चिकिते: has perceived/understood
• चिकिते: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: चित्/चिकित् (धातु; ‘to perceive, notice, understand’)

• कद्: when?
• कद्: Adhikaraṇa (temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable (interrogative) / Pronoun-stem used adverbially
• Root: कद् (किम्-प्रातिपदिक; ‘when?’)

• ऊती: help, aid
• ऊती: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊति (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृधे: for the growing/strong (one)
• वृधे: Sampradāna (for/to)
• Type: Noun (dative of purpose) / Adjective used substantively
• Root: वृध् (धातु) ‘to grow, increase’ → वृध (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक ‘growing/strong’)

• भुवत्: may it become / let it be
• भुवत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु) ‘to be, become’

• शशमानस्य: of the praising (worshipper)
• शशमानस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: शंस् (धातु) ‘to praise, recite’ → शशमान (कृदन्त; शंस्-शानच्/शतृ-प्रकारः, ‘praising’)

• यज्योः: of the two worship-worthy (ones)
• यज्योः: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective (dual)
• Root: यज्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘worthy of worship/sacrifice’)