Rig Veda 3.8.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 8, Mantra 4
Sukta 3.8
Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional attribution for RV 3.8 in the Vasiṣṭha family book)
Devata: Vanaspati / sacrificial post and the deities supporting the yajña (contextual); inner sense: the divine formative power that establishes the rite and uplifts consciousness
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for this section; requires full hymn metrical verification)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
युवा सुवासाः परिवीत आगात्स उ श्रेयान्भवति जायमानः । तं धीरासः कवय उन्नयन्ति स्वाध्यो मनसा देवयन्तः ॥
Transliteration
yuvā́ su-vāsā́ḥ párivīta ā́gāt sá u śréyān bhavati jā́yamānaḥ | táṃ dhīrā́saḥ kaváya ún nayanti svādhyò manasā devayántaḥ ||
Translation
เขาเยาว์วัย นุ่งห่มงาม และถูกโอบล้อมด้วยรัศมีของตนเองแล้วจึงมา; แม้ขณะกำเนิด เขาก็ยิ่งประเสริฐขึ้น. เหล่าฤษีผู้มั่นคง กวีทั้งหลาย ยกเขาขึ้นสูง—ด้วยใจที่ฝึกตน—ผู้มุ่งสู่เทพ.
Word by Word
युवाyoung (one)
युवा:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootयुवन्- (प्रातिपदिक) / यु (यौते इति धातु-सम्बन्धः)
सुवासाःwell-clad, wearing good garments
सुवासाः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootसु- + वासस्- (प्रातिपदिक) अथवा सु- + वस् (धातु) → वासस्-
परिवीतःwrapped around, encompassed, clothed
परिवीतः:
Kartā
TypeParticiple (past passive) used adjectivally
Rootपरि- + √वी (वी- वेष्टने/आवरणे) → वीत (क्त)
आगात्came, arrived
आगात्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootआ- + √गम् (गच्छति)
सःhe
सः:
Kartā
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
उindeed, surely
उ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (निपात)
श्रेयान्better, more excellent
श्रेयान्:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (comparative)
Rootश्रेयस्- (श्रेष्ठ-तुल्य/उत्तम-भाव) < श्रि/श्री-सम्बन्धः
भवतिbecomes
भवति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भवति)
जायमानःbeing born, as he is born
जायमानः:
Kartā
TypeParticiple (present middle)
Root√जन् (जायते) → जायमान (शानच्, वर्तमानकाले मध्यम/आत्मने)
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
धीरासःthe steadfast/wise ones
धीरासः:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective (substantive)
Rootधीरा- (प्रातिपदिक)
कवयःpoets, seers
कवयः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootकवि- (प्रातिपदिक)
उन्नयन्तिlead up, raise, bring forth
उन्नयन्ति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootउद्- + √नी (नयति)
स्वाध्यःself-impelled, of his own power/impulse
स्वाध्यः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसु- + आध्य/आध्य- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘स्वाध्य’ = स्वाधीन/स्वाध्याय-सम्बद्ध ‘self-impelled/own-impulse’)
मनसाwith (their) mind, by thought
मनसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
देवयन्तःseeking the gods, god-ward, worshipping
देवयन्तः:
Kartā
TypeParticiple (present active)
Rootदेव- + √यम्/√यत् (इच्छायाम्/प्रवृत्तौ) → देवयन्त् (शतृ, वर्तमानकाले)
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