Rig Veda 3.55.18: Mandala 3, Sukta 55, Mantra 18

Sukta 3.55

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (family attribution for Maṇḍala 3)

Devata: Unified divine sovereignty (ekaṃ asuratvam) expressed through the hero-force and its yoked carriers; likely Āditya/solar lordship in synthetic form

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वीरस्य नु स्वश्व्यं जनासः प्र नु वोचाम विदुरस्य देवाः । षोळ्हा युक्ताः पञ्चपञ्चा वहन्ति महद्देवानामसुरत्वमेकम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.55.18

Transliteration

vīrásya nú sváśvyaṃ janā́saḥ prá nú vocāma vidúr asya devā́ḥ | ṣóḷhā yuktā́ḥ páñca-pañcā́ vahanti mahád devā́nām asura-tvám ékam ||

Translation

โอ่ชนทั้งหลาย บัดนี้เราจักประกาศพลังแห่งวีรบุรุษ ผู้มีรถศึกและม้าศึกอันประเสริฐ; เหล่าเทพย่อมรู้สิ่งนั้น. สิบหกถูกเทียมแอกไว้ ห้ากับห้าแบกพาให้เคลื่อนไปข้างหน้า—อธิปไตยอันยิ่งใหญ่หนึ่งเดียวของเหล่าเทพ, ฤทธิ์อสุระ (asuratva) อันเอกเดียว.

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Word by Word

• वीरस्य: of the hero
• वीरस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)

• नु: now; indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु

• स्वश्व्यम्: good-horsedness; having good horses
• स्वश्व्यम्: कर्म (object of implied praise/utterance)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सु- + अश्व्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• जनासः: the people; men
• जनासः: कर्तृ (speaker-group/people as subject in context)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth; forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र

• नु: now; indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु

• वः: to you; for you / of you
• वः: सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (to/for you; your)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• वोचाम: let us speak; we would proclaim
• वोचाम: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (वदने)

• विदुरस्य: of the wise/knower
• विदुरस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: विदुर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘knowing/wise’)

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: कर्तृ (of an implied ‘know/are’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• षोळ्हा: sixteenfold; sixteen
• षोळ्हा: विशेषण (of ‘युक्ताः’/‘वहन्ति’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: षोळ्हा (संख्यावाचक अव्यय)

• युक्ताः: yoked; harnessed
• युक्ताः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (qualifies the carriers/teams)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √युज् (योजने) → युक्त (कृदन्त)

• पञ्चपञ्च: five and five (in groups of five)
• पञ्चपञ्च: विशेषण (of ‘वहन्ति’/‘युक्ताः’)
• Type: Numeral (compound)
• Root: पञ्च (संख्या) + पञ्च (संख्या)

• वहन्ति: they carry; they convey
• वहन्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वह् (प्रापणे/वहने)

• महत्: great
• महत्: विशेष्य-भाव (predicate: ‘great’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवानाम्: of the gods
• देवानाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• असुरत्वम्: asura-hood; lordly power
• असुरत्वम्: विशेष्य-भाव (that which is ‘one’/‘great’)
• Type: Noun (abstract)
• Root: असुरत्व (प्रातिपदिक; असुर + त्व)

• एकम्: one; single
• एकम्: विशेषण (of ‘असुरत्वम्’)
• Type: Adjective/Numeral
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)