Rig Veda 3.4.5: Mandala 3, Sukta 4, Mantra 5

Sukta 3.4

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional)

Devata: Agni and the ritual powers (hotrāṇi) as functional divinities of the sacrifice

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सप्त होत्राणि मनसा वृणाना इन्वन्तो विश्वं प्रति यन्नृतेन । नृपेशसो विदथेषु प्र जाता अभीमं यज्ञं वि चरन्त पूर्वीः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.4.5

Transliteration

saptá hotrā́ṇi mánasā vṛṇānā́ invánto víśvaṃ práti yánn ṛténa | nṛ-péśaso vidáthēṣu prá jātā́ abhī́mám yajñáṃ ví caranta pūrvī́ḥ ||

Translation

พลังแห่งปุโรหิตทั้งเจ็ด (hotrāṇi) เลือกสรรด้วยใจ แล้วขับเคลื่อนสรรพสิ่งให้มุ่งสู่สัจจะ โดยดำเนินไปตามฤตะ (ṛta ระเบียบอันเที่ยงธรรมแห่งจักรวาล) ในฐานะผู้เป็นนายแห่งมนุษย์ (nṛpeśasaḥ) ผู้บังเกิดในสภา (vidatha) พวกเขาเวียนรอบพิธีบูชานี้ด้วยหนทางนานาประการ อันเก่าแก่ดั้งเดิม

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Word by Word

• सप्त: seven
• सप्त: विशेषण (कर्म-सम्बन्धे)
• Type: Adjective/Numeral
• Root: सप्त (प्रातिपदिक)

• होत्राणि: offices/roles of the Hotṛ-priests; priestly functions
• होत्राणि: कर्म (वृणाना इत्यस्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: होत्र (प्रातिपदिक; √हु ‘यज्/आह्वान’ से)

• मनसा: with the mind; mentally
• मनसा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृणाना: choosing; selecting
• वृणाना: कर्तृ (स्वयं कर्ता-समूह)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति ‘चुनना/वरण करना’)

• इन्वन्तः: impelling; setting in motion
• इन्वन्तः: कर्तृ
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √इन्/ईन् (इन्वति ‘प्रेरयति/चलयति’)

• विश्वम्: all; the whole (world/totality)
• विश्वम्: कर्म (इन्वन्तः इत्यस्य)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रति: towards; in response to
• प्रति: दिशा/सम्बन्ध (गत्यर्थे)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति

• यन्: goes; proceeds
• यन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (याति ‘गच्छति’)

• ऋतेन: by ṛta (cosmic order/truth); with right order
• ऋतेन: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक)

• नृपेशसः: having manly form/beauty; man-shaped (beings)
• नृपेशसः: कर्तृ (चरन्त इत्यस्य)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: नृ-पेशस् (समास; नृ ‘पुरुष’ + पेशस् ‘रूप/आकृति/शोभा’)

• विदथेषु: in the assemblies; at the ritual gatherings
• विदथेषु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth; forward
• प्र: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: प्र

• जाताः: born; arisen
• जाताः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √जन् (जायते ‘उत्पद्यते’)

• अभीमम्: mighty; formidable
• अभीमम्: विशेषण (कर्म-सम्बन्धे)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभीम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘भयङ्कर/प्रबल’ अर्थे)

• यज्ञम्: sacrifice; ritual
• यज्ञम्: कर्म (चरन्त इत्यस्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक; √यज्)

• वि: apart; widely; in various ways
• वि: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: वि

• चरन्त: they move about; they perform
• चरन्त: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चर् (चरति ‘चलति/आचरति’)

• पूर्वीः: the former (ways/paths); earlier (ones)
• पूर्वीः: कर्म/अधिकरण (व्याप्ति-अर्थे; ‘पूर्ववत्/पूर्वेषु’ भाव)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)