Rig Veda 3.4.3: Mandala 3, Sukta 4, Mantra 3

Sukta 3.4

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional)

Devata: Agni (as Hotṛ; praised as vṛṣabha)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र दीधितिर्विश्ववारा जिगाति होतारमिळः प्रथमं यजध्यै । अच्छा नमोभिर्वृषभं वन्दध्यै स देवान्यक्षदिषितो यजीयान् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.4.3

Transliteration

prá dī́dhitir viśvá-vārā jigāti hótāram iḷáḥ prathamáṃ yájadhyai | ácchā námo-bhir vṛṣabháṃ vandádhyai sá devā́ny ákṣad iṣitó yajī́yān ||

Translation

แรงดลใจอันเรืองรอง ผู้มั่งคั่งด้วยพรทั้งปวง ก้าวหน้าไปสู่โหตฤ (Hotṛ) ปุโรหิตองค์แรก เพื่อการบูชา. ด้วยนมสการทั้งหลาย มันมุ่งไปสรรเสริญ “พฤษภะ” (ผู้เป็นดุจพญาวัว); ท่านนั้น—ผู้ถูกเร้าและควรแก่ยัญยิ่ง—ได้ถวายบูชาแด่เหล่าเทวะแล้ว.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• दीधितिः: the shining flame / radiance
• दीधितिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: दीधिति- (प्रातिपदिक; from √धा/√धि ‘to shine/think’, Vedic noun)

• विश्ववारा: all-choosing / winning all boons
• विश्ववारा: Kartā (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व- + वारा- (compound prātipadika)

• जिगाति: goes, comes, advances
• जिगाति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (gam) with reduplication (perfect-like present in Vedic)

• होतारम्: the Hotṛ-priest / invoker
• होतारम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ- (from √हु ‘to sacrifice/invoke’)

• इळः: Ilā/Ida; the refreshing/praiseworthy one
• इळः: Kartā (apposition/epithet of Agni)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इळ- (Vedic form of इड/इळ ‘refreshment; praise; Ida/Ilā’)

• प्र: forth
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• प्रथमम्: first, foremost
• प्रथमम्: Karma (with होतारम्: ‘as first/foremost’)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: प्रथम-

• यजध्यै: to worship, to sacrifice
• यजध्यै: Prayojana (purpose)
• Type: Verb (infinitive)
• Root: √यज् (yaj)

• अच्छा: towards, unto
• अच्छा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अच्छा (indeclinable)

• नमोभिः: with obeisances
• नमोभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: नमस्-

• वृषभम्: the bull (strong one)
• वृषभम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ-

• वन्दध्यै: to praise, to salute
• वन्दध्यै: Prayojana (purpose)
• Type: Verb (infinitive)
• Root: √वन्द् (vand) ‘to praise, salute’

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (pronoun)

• देवान्: the gods
• देवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव-

• यक्षत्: worshipped / offered to
• यक्षत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √यज् (yaj) in desiderative/causative-like Vedic usage ‘to worship/offer’ (yakṣ-)

• इषितः: impelled, urged on
• इषितः: Kartā (qualifier of सः)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √इष् (iṣ) ‘to impel’ (past passive participle)

• यजीयान्: more worthy of worship, most worshipful
• यजीयान्: Kartā (qualifier of सः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यजीयस्- (comparative from यज्य/यज ‘worthy of worship’)