Rig Veda 2.15.4: Mandala 2, Sukta 15, Mantra 4

Sukta 2.15

Rishi: Gṛtsamada

Devata: Indra (with Agni as instrumental power in the verse)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स प्रवोळ्हॄन्परिगत्या दभीतेर्विश्वमधागायुधमिद्धे अग्नौ । सं गोभिरश्वैरसृजद्रथेभिः सोमस्य ता मद इन्द्रश्चकार ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 2.15.4

Transliteration

sa pravoḷhṝn parigatyā dabhīter viśvam adhāg āyudham iddhe agnau | saṁ gobhir aśvair asṛjad rathebhiḥ somasya tā made indraś cakāra ||

Translation

ท่านเวียนรอบ ‘ผู้นำเครื่องบูชา’ (pravōḷhṛ) เพื่อหลีกความหวาดกลัว และเผาผลาญอาวุธทั้งปวงในไฟที่ลุกโชน. แล้วท่านรวบรวมพลังแห่งแสงและความเร็ว—ด้วยโค ม้า และรถศึก—ทั้งหมดนี้อินทราได้กระทำในความปีติเมามาย (mada) แห่งโสมะ.

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Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → स

• प्रवोळ्हॄन्: those who had been driven/led forth
• प्रवोळ्हॄन्: Karma
• Type: Participle (Adjectival noun)
• Root: प्र-√वह् (वहँ प्रापणे/वहने) → प्रवोळ्हृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, भूतकर्मणि/कृत)

• परिगत्या: having gone around; by encircling
• परिगत्या: Karaṇa
• Type: Gerund/Absolutive (instrumentalized form in Vedic usage)
• Root: परि-√गम् (गमॢँ गतौ) → परिगत (कृदन्त) ; परिगत् + -या (तृतीया एकवचन)

• दभीतेः: from fear/terror
• दभीतेः: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: √दभ् (दभँ हिंसायाम्/छेदने) → दभीति (स्त्री. भाववाचक)

• विश्वम्: all; the whole (of it)
• विश्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व (विश्-सम्बद्ध प्रातिपदिक)

• अधाक्: then; thereupon
• अधाक्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (particle)
• Root: अधा (अव्यय) + √अह्/√अघ्? (वेद. ‘अधाक्’ = ‘तदा/अथ’ इत्यर्थे निपात-समूहः)

• आयुधम्: weapon
• आयुधम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयुध (प्रातिपदिक)

• इद्धे: in the kindled (one)
• इद्धे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: √इध् (इधँ दीप्तौ) → इद्ध (कृदन्त) ; इद्धे = सप्तमी एकवचन (वेद. लोकेटिव)

• अग्नौ: in the fire
• अग्नौ: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सम्: together; completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• गोभिः: with cows
• गोभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• अश्वैः: with horses
• अश्वैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• असृजत्: he released; he let loose
• असृजत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सृज् (सृजँ विसर्गे/सर्जने)

• रथेभिः: with chariots
• रथेभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• सोमस्य: of Soma
• सोमस्य: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)

• ताः: those (things)
• ताः: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → ता

• मदे: in intoxication; in exhilaration
• मदे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक; ‘मद’ = उन्माद/हर्ष)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• चकार: he has done; he accomplished
• चकार: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे)