Rig Veda 10.113.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 113, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.113

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; requires verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

जज्ञान एव व्यबाधत स्पृधः प्रापश्यद्वीरो अभि पौंस्यं रणम् । अवृश्चदद्रिमव सस्यदः सृजदस्तभ्नान्नाकं स्वपस्यया पृथुम् ॥

Transliteration

jajñānó evá vyabādhata spṛ́dhaḥ prápaśyad vīró abhí paúṃsyaṃ ráṇam | ávṛścad ádrim áva sa-syádaḥ sṛ́jad ástabhnān nā́kaṃ svapasyáyā pṛthúm ||

Translation

เกิดมาพร้อมฤทธิ์เดช เขาก็ขับไล่ความชิงดีทั้งหลายโดยพลัน; วีรบุรุษทอดพระเนตรศึกอันองอาจของบุรุษ. เขาผ่าโขดหิน ปล่อยสายน้ำที่ถูกกักไว้ให้ไหลบ่า; และด้วยกิจอันสมบูรณ์ เขาค้ำจุนฟากฟ้าอันกว้างใหญ่.

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Word by Word

• जज्ञानः: having been born; born
• जज्ञानः: कर्तृ (agent; subject of the finite verbs)
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: √जन् (jan) / प्रातिपदिक: जज्ञान- (PPP)

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: सम्बन्ध/निपात (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• वि: apart, asunder (intensifier with verb)
• वि: —
• Type: Preverb
• Root: वि

• अबाधत: he repelled, drove away
• अबाधत: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √बाध् (bādh)

• स्पृधः: rivalries; hostile opponents
• स्पृधः: कर्म (object of अबाधत)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्पृध्- (prātipadika) / from √स्पृध् (spṛdh) ‘to contend’

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Preverb
• Root: प्र

• अपश्यत्: he saw, beheld
• अपश्यत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पश् (paś) / √दृश् (semantic)

• वीरः: the hero
• वीरः: कर्तृ (apposition to जज्ञानः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर-

• अभि: towards, against
• अभि: —
• Type: Preverb/Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• पौंस्यम्: manly, masculine
• पौंस्यम्: कर्म/विशेष्य (qualifier of रणम्)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पौंस्य- (from पुंस् ‘man’)

• रणम्: battle, combat
• रणम्: कर्म (object of अपश्यत्; ‘saw the battle’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण-

• अव: down, away
• अव: —
• Type: Preverb
• Root: अव

• अवृश्चत्: he cut off, cleft
• अवृश्चत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √व्रश्च् (vraśc) ‘to cut’

• अद्रिम्: the rock, stone (mountain)
• अद्रिम्: कर्म (object of अवृश्चत्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अद्रि-

• अव: down, away
• अव: —
• Type: Preverb
• Root: अव

• सस्यदः: the impeller/causer of flowing (epithet of the hero)
• सस्यदः: कर्तृ (apposition; subject continuing)
• Type: Noun/Epithet
• Root: सस्यद्- (prātipadika; Vedic epithet, lit. ‘the one who makes (things) flow/slide down’)

• सृजत्: he released, let loose
• सृजत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सृज् (sṛj) ‘to release, let flow’

• अस्तभ्नात्: he propped up, made firm
• अस्तभ्नात्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्तभ् (stabh) ‘to prop, support, make firm’

• नाकम्: heaven, the celestial vault
• नाकम्: कर्म (object of अस्तभ्नात्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाक-

• स्वपस्यया: by skill, by good workmanship
• स्वपस्यया: करण (instrument: ‘by skill’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वपस्या- (from सु-√पस्/पश्य?; ‘skill, good workmanship’)

• पृथुम्: broad, wide
• पृथुम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पृथु-