Rig Veda 1.62.10: Mandala 1, Sukta 62, Mantra 10

Sukta 1.62

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Āṅgirasa)

Devata: Indra (hymn context), with wider reference to the Amṛtas guarding ṛta

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सनात्सनीळा अवनीरवाता व्रता रक्षन्ते अमृताः सहोभिः । पुरू सहस्रा जनयो न पत्नीर्दुवस्यन्ति स्वसारो अह्रयाणम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.62.10

Transliteration

sanā́t sanī́ḷā avánīr avātā́ vratā́ rakṣante amṛ́tāḥ sáhobhiḥ | purū́ sahásrā jánayo ná pátnīr duvasyánti svásāro áhrayāṇam ||

Translation

แต่ดึกดำบรรพ์มาแล้ว ในเรือนเดียวร่วมกัน เหล่าอำนาจอมตะผู้มั่นคงไม่หวั่นไหว ย่อมพิทักษ์วรตะ (vrata) คือกฎแห่งสัตย์ ด้วยฤทธิ์ของตน. นับพันนับหมื่น—ดุจภรรยา ดุจน้องพี่หญิง—ปรนนิบัติผู้ไม่รู้เหน็ดเหนื่อย.

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Word by Word

• सनात्: from of old, since ancient times
• सनात्: Adhikaraṇa (kāla-adhikaraṇa: temporal) / Apādāna-like (source in time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सनात् (avyaya; from prātipadika सनातन/सनात् ‘from of old’)

• सनीळाः: having a common nest/home; co-dwelling
• सनीळाः: Kartā (qualifier of subject ‘अवनीः’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-नीळ (prātipadika; niḍa/नीळ ‘nest, home’ with prefix स- ‘with, having’)

• अवनीः: the streams/waters (also: earths/river-beds; here: flowing waters)
• अवनीः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवनी (prātipadika)

• अवाताः: windless, without wind
• अवाताः: Kartā (qualifier of ‘अवनीः’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-वात (prātipadika; वात ‘wind’ with privative अ-)

• व्रतानि: ordinances, sacred laws/observances
• व्रतानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (prātipadika)

• रक्षन्ते: they protect/guard
• रक्षन्ते: (kriyā) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रक्ष् (रक्षँ) ‘to protect’

• अमृताः: the immortals (gods)
• अमृताः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (substantivized) / Noun
• Root: अ-मृत (prātipadika; √मृ ‘die’ with privative अ-)

• सहोभिः: with powers/mights
• सहोभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस् (prātipadika)

• पुरु: much, many
• पुरु: (modifier)
• Type: Adjective (indeclinable in Vedic usage) / Indeclinable
• Root: पुरु (prātipadika)

• सहस्राः: thousands
• सहस्राः: Kartā (with ‘जनयः’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र (prātipadika)

• जनयः: mothers, begetters
• जनयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनय (prātipadika; from √जन् ‘beget’ > जननी/जनय ‘mother, begetter’; Vedic form)

• न: like, as
• न: (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (particle)

• पत्नीः: wives
• पत्नीः: Karma (object of implied comparison: ‘like wives’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पत्नी (prātipadika)

• दुवस्यन्ति: they serve/honor
• दुवस्यन्ति: (kriyā) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दुवस् (दुवस्यति) ‘to honor, serve, worship’

• स्वसारः: sisters
• स्वसारः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वसृ (prātipadika)

• अह्रयाणम्: the unshrinking one; the unbashful/undaunted (one)
• अह्रयाणम्: Karma (object of ‘दुवस्यन्ति’)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized) / Noun
• Root: अ-ह्रयाण (prātipadika; from √ह्रि/ह्रय ‘to be ashamed, shrink’ with privative अ-)