Rig Veda 1.58.5: Mandala 1, Sukta 58, Mantra 5

Sukta 1.58

Rishi: Unknown/uncertain (requires śākhā-specific attribution for RV 1.58)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify in recension)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तपुर्जम्भो वन आ वातचोदितो यूथे न साह्वाँ अव वाति वंसगः । अभिव्रजन्नक्षितं पाजसा रजः स्थातुश्चरथं भयते पतत्रिणः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.58.5

Transliteration

tápuḥ-jambho vána ā́ vā́ta-codito yūthé ná sāhvā́m̐ áva vāti vaṃsagáḥ | abhí-vrájann ákṣitaṃ pā́jasā rájaḥ sthātúś caráthaṃ bhayate patatríṇaḥ ||

Translation

ขากรรไกรของเขาเร่าร้อนดุจไฟ ถูกลมขับเคลื่อนให้พุ่งไป และพ่นลมหายใจลงสู่พงไพร; ดุจผู้นำผู้พิชิตท่ามกลางฝูง เขากล้าหาญยิ่ง. เขาแล่นออกไปด้วยพลังอันไม่เสื่อมสลาย ปกคลุมห้วงทิศด้วยเปลวรัศมี; เบื้องหน้าเขา ทั้งสิ่งนิ่งและสิ่งเคลื่อนไหวสั่นสะท้าน และเหล่าผู้มีปีกก็หวาดกลัว.

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Word by Word

• तपुः-जम्भः: having burning/fiery jaws
• तपुः-जम्भः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तृपदस्य)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: तपु (प्रा.) + जम्भ (प्रा.)

• वने: in the wood/forest
• वने: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रा.)

• आ: towards, forth
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• वात-चोदितः: impelled/driven by the wind
• वात-चोदितः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle)
• Root: वात (प्रा.) + चुद् (धातु) → चोदित (कृदन्त)

• यूथे: in a troop, in a herd
• यूथे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: यूथ (प्रा.)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• साह्वान्: overpowering, mighty
• साह्वान्: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: सह् (धातु) → साह्वन् (कृदन्त/प्रा.)

• अव: down, away
• अव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अव (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• वाति: blows
• वाति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: वा (धातु)

• वंसगः: the ‘vaṃsaga’ (a rushing/blasting one; a wind-driven mover)
• वंसगः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (agent/thing-name)
• Root: वंसग (प्रा.)

• अभि-व्रजन्: advancing upon, moving towards
• अभि-व्रजन्: Kartā (सहायक-क्रिया/विशेषण)
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: व्रज् (धातु) + अभि (उपसर्ग)

• अक्षितम्: imperishable, undecaying
• अक्षितम्: Karma (अभिव्रजन् इत्यस्य)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-क्षि (उपसर्ग ‘अ’ + √क्षि/क्षी ‘to perish’) → अक्षित (कृदन्त)

• पाजसा: with strength/might
• पाजसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाजस् (प्रा.)

• रजः: dust, mist; (also) the airy space
• रजः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस् (प्रा.)

• स्थातुः: of the standing one
• स्थातुः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: स्था (धातु) → स्थातृ (कृदन्त-प्रा.)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)

• चरथम्: the moving one; the course/movement
• चरथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चरथ (प्रा.)

• भयते: fears, is afraid
• भयते: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: भी (धातु)

• पतत्रिणः: the winged ones (birds)
• पतत्रिणः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पतत्रिन् (प्रा.)