Rig Veda 1.48.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 48, Mantra 4
Sukta 1.48
Rishi: Kaṇva (self-referential within the hymn)
Devata: Uṣas
Chandas: Gāyatrī (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उषो ये ते प्र यामेषु युञ्जते मनो दानाय सूरयः । अत्राह तत्कण्व एषां कण्वतमो नाम गृणाति नृणाम् ॥
Transliteration
uṣo yé té prá yā́meṣu yuñjáte máno dānā́ya sū́rayaḥ | atrā́ha tát kaṇvá eṣā́ṃ kaṇvá-tamo nā́ma gṛṇāti nṛṇā́m ||
Translation
โอ อรุณรุ่งเอ๋ย บรรดาฤษีผู้หยั่งรู้ซึ่งในยาตราก้าวหน้าของพระองค์ ผูกเทียมจิตให้มุ่งสู่การให้ทาน—ที่นี่เอง กัณวะ (Kaṇva) ขับสรรเสริญเพื่อพวกเขา กัณวะผู้เป็นกัณวะยิ่งในหมู่กัณวะทั้งหลาย ขานนามของชนเหล่านี้
Word by Word
उषःO Dawn
उषः:
सम्बोधन/प्रेष्य (Vocative-like address to Uṣas)
TypeNoun
Rootउषस्- (प्रातिपदिक) < √वस्/उष् (प्रभाते दीप्तौ) (निघण्टु-परम्परा)
येwho (those who)
ये:
कर्तृ (relative subject)
TypePronoun
Rootयद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
तेof you / your
ते:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of you/your’)
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्- (सर्वनाम)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)
यामेषुin the journeys/advances (courses)
यामेषु:
अधिकरण (locative: in the courses/advances)
TypeNoun
Rootयाम- (प्रातिपदिक)
युञ्जतेthey yoke / harness
युञ्जते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√युज् (योजने)
मनःmind, intention
मनः:
कर्म (object of ‘yoke’)
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
दानायfor giving, for generosity
दानाय:
सम्प्रदान (for the purpose of giving)
TypeNoun
Rootदान- (प्रातिपदिक) < √दा (दाने)
सूरयःpatrons, bountiful men
सूरयः:
कर्तृ (main subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसूरि- (प्रातिपदिक)
अत्रhere
अत्र:
अधिकरण (here)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र (अव्यय)
अहindeed, surely
अह:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअह (निपात)
तत्that
तत्:
कर्म (that [deed/thing])
TypePronoun
Rootतद्- (सर्वनाम)
कण्वःKaṇva
कण्वः:
कर्तृ (speaker/poet)
TypeProper Noun
Rootकण्व- (प्रातिपदिक; ऋषिनाम)
एषाम्of these (men)
एषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (of these/of them)
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्- (सर्वनाम)
कण्वतमःthe most Kaṇva-like / best of the Kaṇvas
कण्वतमः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (epithet of Kaṇva)
TypeAdjective (superlative, used as epithet)
Rootकण्वतम- (प्रातिपदिक; superlative of कण्व-)
नामname
नाम:
कर्म (object of ‘praises/utters’)
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्- (प्रातिपदिक)
गृणातिpraises, sings
गृणाति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√गॄ (स्तुतौ) / √गृ (गिरौ) (Vedic: ‘to sing/praise’)
नृणाम्of men, of heroes
नृणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: of men)
TypeNoun
Rootनृ- (प्रातिपदिक)
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