Rig Veda 1.41.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 41, Mantra 3
Sukta 1.41
Devata: Ādityas as rājānaḥ (sovereign upholders of Ṛta)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
वि दुर्गा वि द्विषः पुरो घ्नन्ति राजान एषाम् । नयन्ति दुरिता तिरः ॥
Transliteration
ví durgā́ ví dvíṣaḥ puró ghnanti rājāna eṣām | náyanti duritā́ tiráḥ ||
Translation
พวกท่านทำให้ทางกันดารกว้างออก; พวกท่านฟาดฟันกำแพงศัตรูที่ขวางหน้าเรา; กษัตริย์เหล่านี้นำพาเราให้ข้ามพ้นความยากลำบากทั้งหลายไปสู่ฟากโน้น
Word by Word
विapart, asunder, forth
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि- (upasarga)
दुर्गाःdifficult passages; dangers
दुर्गाः:
Karma (with implied ‘they remove/drive away’)
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग (prātipadika < dur- + गम्/गā ‘to go’ → ‘hard to go/pass’)
विapart, away
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि- (upasarga)
द्विषःhaters; enemies
द्विषः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विष् (prātipadika from √द्विष् ‘to hate’)
पुरःfortresses; strongholds
पुरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुर्/पुर (prātipadika)
घ्नन्तिthey smash; they slay
घ्नन्ति:
— (verbal action)
TypeVerb
Root√हन् (to strike, slay) (present stem घ्न-)
राजानःkings; rulers
राजानः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (prātipadika)
एषाम्of these; their
एषाम्:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (possessive/genitival relation)
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (pronominal base एष-)
नयन्तिthey lead; they carry
नयन्ति:
— (verbal action)
TypeVerb
Root√नी (to lead) (present stem नय-)
दुरितानिmisfortunes; sins; troubles
दुरितानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुरित (prātipadika < dur- + इत ‘gone/went’)
तिरःacross; beyond; away
तिरः:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतिरस् (avyaya/adverbial form)
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