Rig Veda 1.23.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 23, Mantra 4
Sukta 1.23
Rishi: Medhātithi Kāṇva
Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
मित्रं वयं हवामहे वरुणं सोमपीतये । जज्ञाना पूतदक्षसा ॥
Transliteration
mitraṃ vayaṃ havāmahe varuṇaṃ somapītaye | jajñānā pūtadakṣasā ||
Translation
เราทั้งหลายอัญเชิญมิตรและวรุณะ เพื่อการดื่มโสมะ (Soma)—ผู้บังเกิดและตื่นรู้เป็นพลัง ด้วยญาณทัศนะอันชำระแล้ว
Word by Word
मित्रम्Mitra (the god), as object of invocation
मित्रम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *meh₁- ‘to exchange/measure’ (semantic: contract/friendship)
वयम्we
वयम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हवामहेwe invoke / we call upon
हवामहे:
—
TypeVerb
Root√ह्वा (ह्वयति/ह्वयते) ‘to call, invoke’
वरुणम्Varuṇa (the god), as object of invocation
वरुणम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
सोमपीतयेfor Soma-drinking; for the drinking of Soma
सोमपीतये:
सम्प्रदान (प्रयोजन/अर्थे दत्तिः)
TypeNoun (abstract/purpose) / verbal noun
Rootसोम-पीति (समास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारय-भाव: ‘Soma-drinking’) < √पा ‘to drink’ (पीत) + -ति (भाववाचक)
जज्ञानाःknowing; wise
जज्ञानाः:
कर्तृ (विशेषणम्—‘they, being knowing’)
TypeParticiple (Perfect active) used adjectivally
Root√ज्ञा ‘to know’ → जजान (परिपूर्ण) → जज्ञान (परिपूर्ण/वेदिक-परफेक्ट कृदन्त) ‘knowing’
पूतदक्षसाwith purified might/skill; of purified power
पूतदक्षसा:
करण (सहवाचक-तृतीया; ‘with/through purified power’ as attendant attribute)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootपूत-दक्षस् (समास: कर्मधारय/बहुव्रीहि-भाव: ‘having purified power/skill’) : पूत (ppp of √पू ‘to purify’) + दक्षस् (नपुंसक ‘power, skill’)
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