Rig Veda 1.164.42: Mandala 1, Sukta 164, Mantra 42
Sukta 1.164
Rishi: Dīrghatamas Aucathya
Devata: Vāk / the generative Power behind the Waters and Akṣara
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तस्याः समुद्रा अधि वि क्षरन्ति तेन जीवन्ति प्रदिशश्चतस्रः । ततः क्षरत्यक्षरं तद्विश्वमुप जीवति ॥
Transliteration
tásyāḥ samudrā́ ádhi ví kṣaranti ténā jīvanti prádiśaś cátasraḥ | tátaḥ kṣaraty akṣáram tád víśvam úpa jīvati ||
Translation
จากนาง มหาสมุทรทั้งหลายหลั่งไหลแตกกระจายออกไป; ด้วยสายนั้น ทิศทั้งสี่จึงดำรงชีพ. จากแหล่งเดียวกันนั้น “อักษระ” ผู้ไม่เสื่อม (akṣara) ก็พรั่งพรู; อาศัยสิ่งนั้น โลกทั้งปวงจึงมีชีวิตอยู่.
Word by Word
तस्याःof her / of that (f.)
तस्याः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → तस्याः
समुद्राःoceans / seas
समुद्राः:
कर्तृ (of the verb क्षरन्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
अधिupon, over; in addition/above
अधि:
अधिकरण-निर्देशक (locative/over-upon sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
विapart, forth, widely (as verbal prefix)
वि:
क्रियाविशेषण (prefix to verb; distributive/separative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
क्षरन्तिthey flow, they stream
क्षरन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√क्षर् (क्षरणे)
तेनby that, with that
तेन:
करण
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → तेन
जीवन्तिthey live
जीवन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√जीव् (जीवने)
प्रदिशःthe regions / quarters
प्रदिशः:
कर्तृ (of the verb जीवन्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रदिश् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘direction/region’)
चतस्रःfour
चतस्रः:
विशेषण (to प्रदिशः)
TypeAdjective (Numeral)
Rootचतस्/चतुर् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) → चतस्रः
ततःfrom that; therefrom
ततः:
अपादान/हेतु-निर्देश (source: ‘from that/therefrom’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय; तद्-प्रातिपदिकात्) अथवा तद् + तसिल्
क्षरतिit flows
क्षरति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√क्षर् (क्षरणे)
अक्षरम्the imperishable (principle); the syllable
अक्षरम्:
कर्म (of the verb क्षरति)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअक्षर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘imperishable/syllable’)
तत्that
तत्:
कर्तृ (of the verb जीवति)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → तत्
विश्वम्all; the whole (universe)
विश्वम्:
कर्तृ-समनाधिकरण/विशेषण
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
उपupon, near; in dependence (as verbal prefix)
उप:
क्रियाविशेषण (prefix to verb; ‘near/under, dependent on’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
जीवतिit lives; it subsists
जीवति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√जीव् (जीवने)
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