Rig Veda 1.162.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 162, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.162

Rishi: Traditionally Dīrghatamas Aucathya for RV 1.162 (horse-sacrifice hymn complex; some traditions vary)

Devata: Aśva / sacrificial horse (with many gods invoked as witnesses)

Chandas: Trishtubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

मा नो मित्रो वरुणो अर्यमायुरिन्द्र ऋभुक्षा मरुतः परि ख्यन् । यद्वाजिनो देवजातस्य सप्तेः प्रवक्ष्यामो विदथे वीर्याणि ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.162.1

Transliteration

mā́ no mitró váruṇo aryamā́yur índra ṛbhukṣā́ marútaḥ pári khyan | yád vājíno deva-jā́tasya sáptéḥ prá-vakṣyāmo vidáthe vīryā́ṇi ||

Translation

ขอมิทรา วรุณะ อริยมัน ลมหายใจแห่งชีวิต อินทรา ฤภุกษัน และหมู่มรุต อย่าได้เพ่งโทษเราเลย; เพราะเราจักประกาศในสภา (vidatha) ถึงเดชวีรของม้าศึกผู้ว่องไว อันเกิดจากเหล่าเทพ—กล่าวถึงอำนาจครอบงำภายในซึ่งพึงเอื้อนเอ่ยให้ถูกต้องตามธรรม.

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Word by Word

• मा: do not / may not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (निषेध) / मा (अव्यय)

• नः: of us / our
• नः: सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• मित्रः: Mitra
• मित्रः: कर्तृ (with implied verb of harming/afflicting)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वरुणः: Varuṇa
• वरुणः: कर्तृ (co-subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• अर्यमा: Aryaman
• अर्यमा: कर्तृ (co-subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्यन्/अर्यमन् (प्रातिपदिक; nom. sg. अर्यमा)

• आयुः: Life / Āyus
• आयुः: कर्तृ (co-subject; personified “Life/Āyus”)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयुस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: कर्तृ (co-subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋभुक्षाः: Ṛbhukṣā (a divine name)
• ऋभुक्षाः: कर्तृ (co-subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋभुक्षन्/ऋभुक्षा (प्रातिपदिक; nom. sg. ऋभुक्षाः)

• मरुतः: the Maruts
• मरुतः: कर्तृ (co-subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around / about
• परि: — (verb-modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि

• ख्यन्: may (they) proclaim / make known
• ख्यन्: क्रिया (prohibitive wish: “may they not proclaim/announce”)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ख्या (धातु)

• यत्: that which
• यत्: कर्म/विषय (of “प्रवक्ष्यामः”: what we shall declare)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्

• वाजिनः: of the racer/steed
• वाजिनः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: “of the steed”)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वाजिन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवजातस्य: of the god-born
• देवजातस्य: विशेषण-सम्बन्ध (qualifying “वाजिनः”: of the god-born)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देवजात (कृदन्त/समास; देव + जात)

• सप्तेः: of the steed (saptí-)
• सप्तेः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: “of the steed”)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सप्ति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘horse/steed’)

• प्रवक्ष्यामः: we shall proclaim / declare
• प्रवक्ष्यामः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) + प्र

• विदथे: in the ritual gathering / at the ceremony
• विदथे: अधिकरण (locative: in the rite/assembly)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वीर्याणि: heroic deeds / powers
• वीर्याणि: कर्म (object of “प्रवक्ष्यामः”)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर्य (प्रातिपदिक)