Rig Veda 1.140.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 140, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.140

Rishi: Kaṇva lineage (traditional; verify)

Devata: Agni (child of the two mothers)

Chandas: Jagatī or Triṣṭubh (uncertain; verify)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कृष्णप्रुतौ वेविजे अस्य सक्षिता उभा तरेते अभि मातरा शिशुम् । प्राचाजिह्वं ध्वसयन्तं तृषुच्युतमा साच्यं कुपयं वर्धनं पितुः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.140.3

Transliteration

kṛṣṇa-prutau vevije asya sa-kṣitau ubhā tarete abhi mātarā śiśum | prācājihvaṃ dhvasayantaṃ tṛṣu-cyutam ā sācyam kupayaṃ vardhanaṃ pituḥ ||

Translation

ในกระแสน้ำมืดดำ มารดาผู้เป็นที่พำนักทั้งสองของเขาสั่นสะท้าน; ทั้งคู่ประคองและอุ้มพาเด็กน้อยไว้. ด้วยลิ้นที่ยื่นไปข้างหน้า เขาขับไล่และกระจายให้แตกซ่าน ลื่นผ่านความกระหายทั้งหลาย; เขาเข้ามาสู่ด้านขวา เป็นปุ่มพองงอกงาม—ความเจริญเติบโตแห่งพระบิดา.

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Word by Word

• कृष्णप्रुतौ: in/at the dark (black) flood/stream (i.e., in the dark waters)
• कृष्णप्रुतौ: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: कृष्ण-प्रुतु (प्रातिपदिक; समास) अथवा कृष्ण-प्रुत (द्विवचन-लोक.)

• वेविजे: has trembled / has quivered
• वेविजे: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विज्/√विज् (वेदिक: ‘कम्पने/वेपने’) ; पुनरुक्त-परिपूर्ण (वे-)

• अस्य: of him/this (of this one)
• अस्य: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सक्षितौ: the two companions/helpers
• सक्षितौ: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सक्षितृ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सहचर/सहायक’)

• उभा: both
• उभा: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: उभ (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• तरेते: they two cross / pass over
• तरेते: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √तॄ (तरणे)

• अभि: towards, over, upon
• अभि: Upasarga/Directional
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• मातरौ: the two mothers
• मातरौ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• शिशुम्: the child
• शिशुम्: Karma (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिशु (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्राचाजिह्वम्: with the tongue thrust forward / forward-tongued
• प्राचाजिह्वम्: Karma (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राच-आ-जिह्व (समास; ‘आ’ उपसर्ग-सहित) ; जिह्वा (प्रातिपदिक)

• ध्वसयन्तम्: destroying / consuming
• ध्वसयन्तम्: Karma (विशेषण)
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: √ध्वस्/√ध्वंस् (वेदिक: ‘ध्वंसने/क्षये/विनाशे’; caus./intens. usage) → ध्वसयति

• तृषुच्युतम्: dripping/oozing in drops (lit. ‘drop-fallen’)
• तृषुच्युतम्: Karma (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तृषु-च्युत (समास) ; √च्युत्/√च्यु (च्यवने ‘to fall/flow off’)

• आ: to, unto; hither
• आ: Upasarga/Directional
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• साच्यम्: clinging/associated; companionable
• साच्यम्: Karma (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: साच्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘साथ/सहचर/सह्य’) अथवा √सच् (समवाये) से निष्पन्न

• कुपयम्: a cavity/pit (or vessel)
• कुपयम्: Karma (appositional object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुपय (प्रातिपदिक; वेदिक—‘कूप/कुह/गुहा’ अथवा ‘कुप’ = पात्र/कोश)

• वर्धनम्: the increaser/nourisher
• वर्धनम्: Karma (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्धन (प्रातिपदिक; √वृध् ‘to grow/increase’ से)

• पितुः: of the father
• पितुः: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)