Rig Veda 1.126.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 126, Mantra 4
Sukta 1.126
Rishi: Kakṣīvān Dairghatamasa
Devata: Dānastuti to patron(s) (Daśaratha; Pajra affiliation)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
चत्वारिंशद्दशरथस्य शोणाः सहस्रस्याग्रे श्रेणिं नयन्ति । मदच्युतः कृशनावतो अत्यान्कक्षीवन्त उदमृक्षन्त पज्राः ॥
Transliteration
catvāriṃśád daśa-rathasya śóṇāḥ sahásrasyā́gre śréṇiṃ nayanti | mada-cyútaḥ kṛśanā́vato átyān kakṣī́vanta údamṛkṣanta pajrā́ḥ ||
Translation
ม้าสีแดงสี่สิบตัวของทศรถ นำหน้ากองแถวอันเป็นหัวหน้าของพัน. ม้าเร็วผู้หลั่งความเมา—เหล่าปัชระพร้อมกับกักษีวาน ปัดไล้ยกขึ้น ให้สุกสว่างและพร้อมรบพร้อมวิ่ง.
Word by Word
चत्वारिंशत्forty
चत्वारिंशत्:
Viśeṣaṇa (सम्बन्धः) / संख्या-विशेषणम्
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootचत्वारिंशत् (संख्याशब्द) < चत्वारि + विंशति
दशरथस्यof Daśaratha
दशरथस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive) — ‘of Daśaratha’
TypeNoun (Proper name)
Rootदशरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
शोणाःthe reddish ones (red horses)
शोणाः:
कर्तृ (Kartā) — नयन्ति इत्यस्य
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootशोण (प्रातिपदिक)
सहस्रस्यof a thousand
सहस्रस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive) — ‘of a thousand’
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
अग्रेin front, at the head
अग्रे:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa) — ‘in front/at the head’
TypeNoun (locative adverbial)
Rootअग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
श्रेणिम्the line/row
श्रेणिम्:
कर्म (Karma) — नयन्ति इत्यस्य
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेणि (प्रातिपदिक)
नयन्तिthey lead, conduct
नयन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootनी (धातु) [नयति]
मदच्युतःthose who have fallen from intoxication / whose exhilaration has slipped away
मदच्युतः:
कर्तृ (Kartā) — उदमृक्षन्त इत्यस्य
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootमद-च्युत (कृदन्त/समास) < मद (प्रातिपदिक) + √च्यु (च्यवते) क्त (च्युत)
कृशनावतःof Kṛśānavat (name/epithet)
कृशनावतः:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive) — ‘of Kṛśānavat’ (a name/epithet)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृशनावत् (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहिः/तद्धितान्त) < कृशानु + -वत्
अत्यान्horses, steeds
अत्यान्:
कर्म (Karma) — उदमृक्षन्त इत्यस्य
TypeNoun
Rootअत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
कक्षीवन्तःthe Kaksīvants (descendants/followers of Kaksīvat)
कक्षीवन्तः:
कर्तृ (Kartā) — उदमृक्षन्त इत्यस्य (पज्राः इत्यनेन सह)
TypeNoun (Proper name; clan/people)
Rootकक्षीवत् (ऋषिनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
उद्up, out
उद्:
क्रियाविशेषक (directional)
TypeIndeclinable (prefix)
Rootउद् (उपसर्ग)
अमृक्षन्तthey wiped/cleansed (themselves), shook off
अमृक्षन्त:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootमृक्ष् (धातु) [मृक्षति/मृक्षते]
पज्राःthe Pajras (a clan/people)
पज्राः:
कर्तृ (Kartā) — उदमृक्षन्त इत्यस्य
TypeNoun (tribal name)
Rootपज्र (प्रातिपदिक; जन/गोत्रनाम)
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