Rig Veda 1.10.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 10, Mantra 2
Sukta 1.10
Rishi: Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.1–1.11; hence RV 1.10)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Gāyatrī (3 pādas of 8 syllables; standard for early Indra hymns in Mandala 1)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यत्सानोः सानुमारुहद्भूर्यस्पष्ट कर्त्वम् । तदिन्द्रो अर्थं चेतति यूथेन वृष्णिरेजति ॥
Transliteration
yát sā́noḥ sā́num ā́ aruhad bhū́ry aspáṣṭa kártvam | tád índro árthaṃ cetati yūthéna vṛ́ṣṇir éjati ||
Translation
เมื่อวิญญาณไต่จากยอดหนึ่งสู่อีกยอดหนึ่ง งานอันมากย่อมต้องถูกทำให้กระจ่างและจัดรูปให้ถูกต้อง; อินทรารับรู้จุดหมายแท้นั้น และพลังดุจพญาวัวเคลื่อนไปพร้อมฝูง มุ่งหน้าไป—รวบรวมพลังนานาให้เป็นหนึ่งเพื่อการรุกคืบอันมีชัย.
Word by Word
यत्that which / when / as
यत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable (relative pronoun used as conjunction)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द
सानोःof/from the ridge, summit
सानोः:
Apādāna (source/point from which) / Adhikaraṇa (locus) (contextual)
TypeNoun
Rootसानु (प्रातिपदिक)
सानुम्the ridge/summit
सानुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसानु (प्रातिपदिक)
आरुहत्ascended, climbed
आरुहत्:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Root√रुह् (रुहँ) ‘to ascend, grow’
भूरिmuch, abundant
भूरि:
—
TypeAdjective/Indeclinable (quantifier)
Rootभूरि (अव्यय/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
अस्पष्टnot clear, indistinct
अस्पष्ट:
—
TypeAdjective
Rootअ- + स्पष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) (< √पश्/√स्पश् ‘to see/appear’ in ‘स्पष्ट’)
कर्त्वम्deed, exploit
कर्त्वम्:
Karma (of ‘चेतति’) / or object of cognition
TypeNoun
Rootकर्त्व (प्रातिपदिक; ‘deed, exploit, act’)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (of ‘चेतति’)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
अर्थम्purpose, meaning, aim
अर्थम्:
Karma (of ‘चेतति’)
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
चेततिperceives, understands
चेतति:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Root√चित् (चितीँ) ‘to perceive, notice, understand’
यूथेनwith a troop, in a herd
यूथेन:
Karaṇa (instrument/means; ‘with/by a troop’)
TypeNoun
Rootयूथ (प्रातिपदिक)
वृष्णिःthe bull/strong one (Indra)
वृष्णिः:
Kartā (of ‘रेजति’)
TypeNoun/Adjective (epithet)
Rootवृष्णि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘stallion-like, bull; strong one’; also ‘of the Vṛṣṇis’ in later usage)
रेजतिshakes, moves, rushes
रेजति:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Root√रिज्/√रेज् (रेजृँ) ‘to shake, tremble, move’
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