Valmiki Ramayana 2.81.8: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 81, Shloka 8

एकाशीति तमः सर्गः

Bharata’s Grief, Courtly Summons, and the Assembly Hall

Devanagari script

इत्येवं भरतं प्रेक्ष्य विलपन्तं विचेतनम्।कृपणं रुरुदुस्सर्वास्सस्वरं योषित स्तदा।। ।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.81.8

Transliteration

ity evaṃ bharataṃ prekṣya vilapantaṃ vicetanam |

kṛpaṇaṃ ruruduḥ sarvāḥ sa-svaraṃ yoṣitaḥ tadā ||

Translation

ครั้นเห็นพระภรตะคร่ำครวญดังนั้นจนสิ้นสติ เหล่าสตรีทั้งปวงก็พากันร่ำไห้พร้อมกัน เปล่งเสียงครวญครางอย่างน่าเวทนา

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Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyārtha-dyotaka (वाक्यार्थद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इति (quotative/closure)

• evam: in this way
• evam: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (adverb): 'in this way'

• bharatam: Bharata
• bharatam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.)

• prekṣya: having seen
• prekṣya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra + √īkṣ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund): 'having seen'

• vilapantam: lamenting
• vilapantam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi + √lap (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकालिक कृदन्त (present active participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.); विशेषण to 'bharatam'

• vicetanam: unconscious/senseless
• vicetanam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi + cetana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.); विशेषण to 'bharatam'

• kṛpaṇam: piteously
• kṛpaṇam: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛpaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (m.), द्वितीया (Acc.), एकवचन (sg.); adverbial accusative in sense 'piteously' or adjective to 'bharatam'

• ruruduḥ: cried
• ruruduḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √rud (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन (pl.)

• sarvāḥ: all
• sarvāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन (pl.); विशेषण to 'yoṣitaḥ'

• sasvaram: aloud/in one voice
• sasvaram: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sa- (उपसर्ग/सह) + svara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावसमास; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb): 'with voice/aloud, in one voice'

• yoṣitaḥ: women
• yoṣitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yoṣit (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (f.), प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन (pl.)

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक (adverb of time)

Context

Thus lamenting, Bharata fainted. Seeing him (in this state) all the women (of the inner apartment) at once cried aloud piteously.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes karuṇā (compassion): the community shares the burden of sorrow, responding to suffering with empathy rather than indifference.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata’s lament culminates in a collapse; the palace women witness it and collectively mourn.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Empathy and solidarity: the women respond as a unified community to Bharata’s distress.