Atharva Veda 2.20.1: Kanda 2, Anuvaka 2, Sukta 20, Mantra 1

Sukta 20

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

शत्रुनाशनम्। वायो॒ यत् ते॒ तप॒स्तेन॒ तं प्रति॑ तप॒ यो॒३स्मान् द्वेष्टि॒ यं व॒यं द्वि॒ष्मः

IAST Transliteration

vā́yo yát te tápaḥ téna táṃ práti tapa yó ’smā́n dvéṣṭi yáṃ vayáṃ dvíṣmaḥ

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

O Vāyu, with that ardent might of thine—thy tapas—do thou in turn scorch him, who hateth us, whom we ourselves do hate.

Translation

บททำลายศัตรู ข้าแต่ วายุ ด้วยตบัส (tapas) อันเร่าร้อนของท่านนั้น ขอจงแผดเผาเขาตอบกลับ—ผู้ที่เกลียดชังพวกเรา ผู้ที่พวกเราเกลียดชัง

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Word by Word

• शत्रुनाशनम्: enemy-destroying (charm/act); destruction of enemies
• शत्रुनाशनम्: कर्म (as ‘that which is to be employed/uttered’ or object of implied action)
• Type: Noun (compound) / Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: शत्रु-नाशन (प्रातिपदिक; नाशन < √नश्/नाश् ‘नाशयति’)

• वायो: O Vāyu
• वायो: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायु (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: that which
• यत्: कर्म (object of ‘तप’ understood: ‘that (austerity)’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: of you / your
• ते: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• तपः: austerity; sacred heat
• तपः: कर्म (object: ‘austerity/heat’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• तेन: by/with that
• तेन: करण
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)

• तम्: him
• तम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)

• प्रति: against; toward
• प्रति: (directional marker with verb)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: प्रति

• तप: burn! afflict!
• तप: (main predicate; agent implied = ‘you’ Vāyu)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √तप् (भ्वादि) ‘तपते/तापयति’

• यः: who
• यः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• द्वेष्टि: hates
• द्वेष्टि: (predicate of relative clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √द्विष् (अदादि) ‘द्वेष्टि’

• यम्: whom
• यम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• द्विष्मः: hate
• द्विष्मः: (predicate of main clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √द्विष् (अदादि) ‘द्विष्मः’

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa tradition (enemy-destroying hymns are typically attributed to Atharvan/Angiras lineages; specific r̥ṣi attribution depends on the Anukramaṇī).

Devata: Vāyu (as bearer of tapas/tejas used for punitive reversal)

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (likely; to be confirmed against pada-count in the Saunaka metrical listing)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: raudra

Secondary: vira