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Kena Upanishad: Verse 3.2

तद्धैषां विजज्ञौ तेभ्यो ह प्रादुर्बभूव । तन्न व्यजानत किमिदं यक्षमिति ॥२॥

तत् । ह । एषाम् । विजज्ञौ । तेभ्यः । ह । प्रादुर्बभूव । तत् । न । व्यजानत । किम् । इदम् । यक्षम् । इति ॥२॥

Recitation with translationKena Upanishad 3.2

tad dhaiṣāṃ vijajñau tebhyo ha prādurbabhūva | tan na vyajānata kim idaṃ yakṣam iti ||2||

तद् ह एषां मनो विजज्ञौ; तेभ्यः ह प्रादुर्बभूव। तन् न व्यजानत—‘किम् इदं यक्षम्?’ इति॥

That (Brahman) knew (their thought). It indeed appeared before them. They did not recognize it: ‘What is this Yakṣa?’

tatthen/that
tat:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka; prathamā/ dvitīyā; ekavacana; deictic pronoun used adverbially (‘then/that’)
haindeed
ha:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootha (nipāta)
Formemphatic particle
eṣāmof them
eṣām:
TypeNoun
Rootidam (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formṣaṣṭhī; bahuvacana; sarvanāma (‘of these/of them’)
vijajñauknew clearly
vijajñau:
TypeVerb
Root√jñā (dhātu)
Formliṭ (parokṣa/perfect); parasmaipada; prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ; ekavacana; with vi- (‘knew distinctly’)
tebhyaḥto them
tebhyaḥ:
TypeNoun
Roottad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formcaturthī/pañcamī; bahuvacana; sarvanāma (‘to/for them’ / ‘from them’)
haindeed
ha:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootha (nipāta)
Formemphatic particle
prādurbabhūvaappeared
prādurbabhūva:
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (dhātu)
Formliṭ (perfect); ātmanepada; prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ; ekavacana; with prādur- (‘appeared/manifested’)
tatthat (being)
tat:
TypeNoun
Roottad (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka; prathamā/ dvitīyā; ekavacana; refers to the appearing being
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (avyaya)
Formnegation particle
vyajānatathey understood/recognized
vyajānata:
TypeVerb
Root√jñā (dhātu)
Formlaṅ (imperfect); ātmanepada; prathamaḥ puruṣaḥ; bahuvacana; with vi- (‘they recognized/understood’)
kimwhat
kim:
TypeNoun
Rootkim (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka; prathamā/ dvitīyā; ekavacana; interrogative (‘what’)
idamthis
idam:
TypeNoun
Rootidam (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka; prathamā/ dvitīyā; ekavacana; deictic (‘this’)
yakṣamyakṣa; mysterious divine being
yakṣam:
TypeNoun
Rootyakṣa (prātipadika)
Formnapuṃsaka; prathamā/ dvitīyā; ekavacana
itithus
iti:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (avyaya)
Formquotative particle
  • tad dhaiṣām → tat + ha + eṣām
  • tebhyo ha → tebhyaḥ + ha
  • prādurbabhūva is a single verbal form with preverb prādur-
  • tann → tat + na
  • kimidaṃ → kim + idam
  • yaksamiti → yakṣam + iti
Avidyā regarding Brahman; Brahman’s transcendence of conceptual recognition; revelation through manifestationMahavakya: Indirect: highlights that Brahman is not an object of ordinary cognition, preparing for the Upaniṣadic method that culminates in identity-knowledge (as in ‘prajnānam brahma’/‘ahaṃ brahmāsmi’) rather than objectifying knowledge.SamaTalavakara (Jaiminiya) ShakhaChandas: Prose

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